Nesmachna M. Creation and evaluation of buckwheat basic material for summer crops in the conditions of the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The dissertation theoretically summarizes and practically solves the important scientific problem of increasing the efficiency of buckwheat culture by creating the basic material for summer crops in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by using the phenomenon of photoperiodism as an effective mechanism for increasing of the level of adaptability. As a result, of the conducted researches, the time and ecological range of buckwheat vegetation in summer crops in the northeastern Forest-Steppe area of Ukraine were determined. A work collection has formed, and valuable sources of a high level of adaptability to the conditions of summer-autumn vegetation have identified. The difference in the structure of correlation relationships of plant productivity index was determined depending on the photoperiodic response of buckwheat plants. Models of varieties were defined for grain (intensive and semi-intensive) and sidereal (recreational) directions of use with the level of potential yield 3,2–3,6; 2,8–3,5 t of grain/ha and 5,3–6,2 t/ha of dry matter, respectively. The nature of inheritance of the main breeding-controlled traits in groups with predominance of short-day, photoneutral and long-day characteristics was determined. The original basic material of buckwheat varieties oriented on the summer crops technology was created. 3 breeding samples (9/16, 11/16, 43/16) with predominance of short-day characteristics were submitted to the National Centre of Genetic Resources of Ukraine and introduced into the breeding process of the laboratory of plant breeding and seed production of the Institute of Agriculture of the Northern East of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine.