The dissertation for the Candidates’ academic degree of agricultural science, specialty 06.01.02 – agricultural melioration (agricultural science) - Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2020.
In the dissertation the theoretical generalization and scientific substantiation of the method of establishment of terms of watering at drip irrigation of apple trees of variety the Renet Symyrenko on the rootstock M 9 in the conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine are resulted.
The study was carried out in production conditions of Agricultural Ltd «Enograi» in the village Sofiyivka, Belozersky district, Kherson region. The formation of water regime of soil under plantings apple trees, Evapotranspiration processes, tree productivity were studied depending on different approaches to the appointment of irrigation dates: using the Internet station of soil moisture iMetos ECO D2, the tensiometers BBT-II, of calculated method "Penman-Monteith" and visually. An additional variant of the experiment was control – without irrigation.
According to the results of research it is proved that the method of setting the terms of vegetation irrigation determines the formation of the water regime of the soil, affects the production processes - biometric parameters, yield, quality and marketability of apple fruit.
Depending on the studied factor, the parameters of drip irrigation and Evapotranspiration regimes plantings of apple orchards were established: number of waterings (9-10), irrigation rates (650-703 m3 ha-1), magnitudes of Evapotranspiration (3252-3305 m3 ha-1). The coefficients of water consumption and irrigation efficiency were calculated, the minimum values of which were for the appointment of irrigation periods using the soil moisture station iMetos ECO D2 – 83,4 m3 t-1 and 20,7 m3 t-1, respectively. The parameters and regularities of formation moistening zones of medium loamy soil depending on the duration of irrigation are investigated and established.
Of adaptation of calculated method "Penman – Monteith" for the determination of Evapotranspiration in terms of adjusting the culture coefficient Kc taking into account the actual weather and climatic conditions was performed.
The highest level of fruit yield was obtained in the variant with irrigation using the automatic Internet soil moisture station iMetos ECO D2 – 43,1 t ha-1, and the lowest among irrigated variants was obtained by visual method of watering – 29,5 t ha-1.
With a calculations substantiated the economic and energy efficiency of the application of different methods of watering for drip irrigation of apple trees.
Keywords: evapotranspiration, zone of moistening, drip irrigation, irrigation norm, watering regime, productivity, apple tree.
