The work consists of an introduction, four chapters, conclusions, a list of sources and appendices. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic, defines the purpose, objectives, object, subject, reveals the scientific novelty of the results and their practical significance.
During the study of the causes of such social phenomena as homelessness, orphanhood and crime, information was collected, clarified and supplemented on the factors that influenced the emergence of social anomalies. Grouped into the main: economic (transfer of the economy to the military regime and the involvement of minors who worked in difficult conditions, large-scale devastation), social (1942-1945 families became incomplete, because men went to the front or died, the crisis of marriage family relations as a result of psychological trauma in children, low level of education), cultural (rapid reconstruction of educational institutions, a catastrophic shortage of qualified teachers, the result was a decrease in education).
In 1942-1945, the homeless, neglected and orphans formed a certain subculture. Their dreams, interests, rules and fears were formed in their environment.
Authorities saw children of all categories as material from which to create "new people" - full members of Soviet society. Various methods were used for this purpose (through children's works, press, toys, methodical materials and speeches of officials).
To improve the financial situation of orphanages, a form of patronage of large industrial enterprises over children's institutions was established. Another form of combating homelessness and orphanhood was the placement of children in the families of workers.
Homelessness and neglect have been found to be inextricably linked to delinquency. Usually the causes of homelessness and neglect were the same as the causes of crime. In 1942-1945, crimes were committed mainly by orphans due to financial hardship and starvation, it is clear that the main cause of crime was survival. Sometimes adults themselves incited offenses. Authorities took steps to address these issues.
To this end, the network of anti-crime institutions has been expanded, namely: reception centers, children's rooms and labor colonies. The police carried out preventive work to combat crime. It was carried out through educational and advocacy activities among the population and youth. An intelligence network was used to service orphanages, schools, places of concentration of juvenile offenders and dens. At the same time, teenagers themselves were involved in agency work.
