Kupar Y. Identification of the genetic origin of maize breeding material in heterosis selection

The object of the study is to identify the genetic origin of maize (Zea mais) breeding material of different genoplasms. The purpose of research – to establish the genetic distances and selection and economic value of inbred lines of maize selection of the Institute of Cereals NAAN using different methods to determine the genetic origin of maize breeding material. Research methods: SNP method – genotyping. Field research methods: comparative testing of lines of different genoplasms and hybrids created with their participation, in relation to different selection indicators. Measuring-weighing and statistical – to determine the combination ability and assess the reliability of the results. Results: in farms of all forms of ownership to use listed in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine, the following medium-early high-yielding hybrids of maize steppe ecotype – DN Fiesta, DN Astra, DN Vidrada and medium-ripe – DN Bulat, which exceed national grain yields at 5–10%. Novelty – For the first time the methods of identification of genetic origin of self-pollinating lines of genetic plasmas BSSS, Iodent, Lancaster, Mixed on the basis of "pedigree" at the first stages of selection are compared, the most effective stages of identification of self-pollinated lines in the process of their creation and study are offered. The dependence of their parameters on the conditions of years of research of BOC-indicators, indicators of hypothetical heterosis, genetic distances is determined. Lines with high combining ability in relation to grain yield and low harvesting moisture are distinguished. The best heterosis models for each genetic group in the creation of competitive medium-ripe hybrids DK315(Mixed)×BSSS, DK633/325(Mixed)×Iodent, (DK275M×DK301(Iodent))×Lancaster and (DK633/325(Mixed))×(Mixed). Field: agricultural science.