Sapozhnikov I. Upper Palaeolithic of Steppes of Southwestern Ukraine: chronology, periodization and economy

Українська версія

Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Science (DSc)

State registration number

0506U000020

Thesis Registration Form

0506U000020.pdf

Applicant for

Specialization

  • 07.00.04 - Археологія

17-01-2006

Specialized Academic Board

Д 26.234.01

NAS Institute of Archaeology

Essay

Dissertation offers the concept of development of Upper Paleolithic in Steppe of the South of the Eastern Europe. Proposed concept consists of the following constituents: Statement on steppe natural-economic area. On the basis of multiple indications the sites of given area were divided into spring-summer, summer-autumn and autumn-winter occupations. Inhabitants of the first type of sites were mainly engaged in collective drive bison big game, occupants of sites of the second type were concentrated on wild horses and bison, while inhabitants of the third type of sites conducted wild horse big game supplemented with fur and reindeer hunting. Three stages of development of steppe natural-economic area are recognized, i.e.: early stage (c.30-22 ky BP) with hunting on horse, bison and other animals; middle stage (22-13 ky BP) with predominant bison game; final stage (13-10 ky BP) with predominant horse game. The suggestion is argued, that settlements usually were consisted of separate seasonal family dwellings. Cultural layers on some sites were formed as result of repeated superposition of remains of objects of this type. Chronological sequence of the sites. The earliest steppe settlements are aged to the beginning of Early Upper Paleolithic (32-30 ky BP). The majority of sites belongs to the Middle (22-16,5 ky BP) and Final (16,5-10,0 ky BP) stages of Upper Paleolithic. People occupy steppe zone during both warm and cold episodes. Population density had increased during the Last Glacial maximum (19-18 ky BP). Outlines of cultural sequence. Roughly between 32-30 and 22 ky BP the area was occupied by carriers of three techno-complexes, these are Aurignacoїde, Szeletoїde and Gravettoїde. Epiaurignacian industries are known between 22 and 20 ky BP, while Gravettoїde Epiaurignacian and Aurignacoїde Epigravettian are dated to between 20 and 18 ky BP, and Epigravettian is referred to 18-10 ky BP. Epigravettian industries are divided into Early (19-13) and Final (13-10 ky BP) stages. Existence of kindred populationis argued for the period between 19 and 10 ky BP in the south of the Eastern Europe. Connection of this population with carriers of Early Gravettian industries (28-22 ky BP) seems likely.Cultural-historical periodization. On the basis of stated conclusions the following periods of regional Upper Paleolithic were recognized, namely: Early period aged between 32 and 22 ky BP, Middle period dated to 22-13, and Final period dated to 13-10 ky BP.

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