Hamkalo Z. Quality of Grey Forest Soils of Hemerobic Ecosystems and its Indication (the biogeocenotic approach)

Object of research - Object - quality of grey forest soils previously cultivated ecosystem of the western Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The purpose - development of the theory of soil quality, carrying out of new theoretical and methodological bases of indication of quality of grey forest soils of previously cultivated systems in view of their ability to realization of ecological functions in biogeocenosis. Methods - a methodological basis of researches are elementary-analytical and system approaches to soil as to a bioinert body. Methods of information gathering are ground monitoring, and also stationary-field, comparative ecologically-geographical, biogeochemical and laboratory-analytical methods with application of simulation experiments and computer data processing. Theoretical results - the terminology of soil quality is advanced, theoretical approaches to an estimation of grey forest soils quality as their abilities to realization of ecological functions are developed, the theory of a intrasoil cycleof nitrogen is advanced, the concept of energy-plastic buffers of soil is offered, theoretical bases of forecasting of quality of soil on a basis of "front of oxidation" and conductivity of soil suspensions are developed. Practical results - are offered new ways of a qualitative-quantitative estimation of labile fund of nitrogen of soil previously cultivated ecosystem; indications of functional adequacy of organic matter of soil in case of search of effective substitutes of stall manure or other methods and systems of fertilization; indications of the natural and acquired qualities of soil by measurement of its' water suspension conductivity; forecasting of denitrification processes in soils of agroecosystems; theoretical and methodological bases of an estimation of ecological quality of soil are offered for use in educational process of profile high schools, and techniques of indication - at scientific researches and in soil-protective practice. Novelty - are allocated "ecological" (what characterizes efficiency of realization of ecological functions) and "agronomical" (connected with fertility function) qualities of soil; theoretical, methodological and methodical approaches to an estimation of ecological quality of grey forest soils are applied, the theory the intrasoil nitrogen cycle is added, taking into account a cometabolism of N, P, K, S; the role of an active phase of organic matter as the energy-plastic buffer of soil which protects humus from microbial destruction is shown. For the first time for Ukraine criteria of a regulation of the acquired quality of grey forest soils which include the control of efficiency of ecological functions, in particular, contents of an active phase of organic matter, biotical activity, an oxidation-reduction condition, ionic activity and phytoproductive abilities of a soil-plant system are carried out. Degree of introduction - the carried out ways of indication of soils' ecological quality are used by the Lvov regional state project-technological centre of protection offertility soils and qualities of production and Association of farmers and private land owners of the Lvov area, and theoretical and methodological bases of an estimation of quality of soil are introduced into educational process of faculty of soil science and soils geography of the Lvov national university of a name of Ivan Franko and Carpathians institute of a name of M. Grushevsky of Inter-regional Academy of management by the personnel. Sphere - scientific-educational and nature protection.