Koliada I. Social and political activity of the Ukrainian intelligentsia in Russia (the second half of XIX - the beginning of XX century).

Because of the most disadvantageous condition, the rise of domestic intelligentsia became historical phenomena. The liquidation of all signs of Ukrainian statehood by tsarism as well as negation of existence of the Ukrainians as separate nation had to eradicate the slightest opportunity for the rise of Ukrainian intelligentsia. But the most intolerant to the Ukrainians strata – Polish gentry and Russify bureaucracy – gave the first personalities who made known as Ukrainian intelligentsia, as well as the outpost of imperial russification – the universities (especially the University of Saint Volodymyr in Kyiv) became seats of the Ukrainian movement.The rise at the turn of feudal and capitalist age determined not only the social and property status of Ukrainian intelligentsia, but also the directions of their future activity. Having been the representative of national interests, Ukrainian intelligentsia had to take into consideration the concerns and needs of other social strata, first of all the peasantry, which culture soon became a basic for intelligentsia. From the very beginning the intelligentsia had to solve three problems: national, cultural and social ones. At the last decade of XIX – beginning of XX centuries, when the political problems became prevailing for all social strata of Russian empire as well as the slogan of national self-determination, including the right for separation, got more popularity, the activity of intelligentsia was dedicated to the attempts of complex decision of all three problems that was mentioned above.