Investigation object: a human heart on the ontogenesis stages, a rat heart after experimental interferences. Investigation goal: determination of formation regularities and changes of morphofunctional heart heterogeneity on different levels of structural organization, during different periods of human individual development as well as in conditions of experimental cardiac insufficiency modelling. Methods of research: macro- and microbiotomy, injection methods, histological ones, a scanning electronical microscopy, flaming photometry, absorbing spectrophotometry, anthropometry, experimental, morphometric, variation and statistical ones. Theoretical and practical value of the obtained results. The results which were obtained during the research stages as well as the formulated statements can be used for heart disfunction and cardiac insufficiency related states treatment by the methods of the local operating on the cardiac wall. The developed method of segmental-sectoral heart research can be used in subsequent researches of structural and functional heart heterogeneities both in clinical and morphological investigation. The developed methods and modeling ways of the heart haemodynamic loading can be used in studying of hypertrophic heart states. The determined quantitative information on the cardiac wall mineral composition can be used in medico-legal and pathoanatomical practice at differential heart disease diagnostics. For the first time the structural and functional heart heterogeneity phenomenon was traced in an ontogenetic period from embryogeny up to declining years by methods which allowed to define its most various aspects. The transformation regularities of different cardiac wall parts in human ontogenesis were established. On the basis of the usage of qualitatively new approach to heart investigation the development of new direction in heart morphology is offered in purpose of explanation the cardiac wall segmental asynchronous kinetics. Found out in a morphoexperimental way structural and functional heterogeneity of heart structure is the soil for understanding of cardiac wall segmental asynchronous kinetics and myocardium biomechanics properties with the purpose of prognostication and early diagnostics of cardiac disfunction. The original methods of surgical haemodynamic overload modeling in rats are suggested. Scientific novelty of the obtained results: there are theoretical generalization and new decision to scientific problem which appears in determination of formation regularities and establishment of spatial and sentinel heterogeneity of structural and functional heart organizations during human individual development and its changes during of pathological state modelling given in this dissertation. For the first time having usied the complex of anatomic, histological, electronic-microscopic, spectrophotometric, experimental and biostatistical research methods the segmental-sectoral differences in the human heart structure during ontogenesis were traced, regional morphological changes in rat hearts during cardiac insufficiency modeling were defined. In the course of research new data was got on electrolyte and mineral composition of cardiac wall during ontogenesis. In the investigated age-related groups new information was got in relation to cross-correlation intercommunications between anthropometric parameters and morphometric heart indexes. The author has set the organospecific features of haemo- and lymphocyte channels, papillary and trabecular apparatus structures in cardiac walls on the ontogenesis stages. The view on spatial heterogeneity of cardiac wall thickness, its density during segmental-sectoral analysis was extended. Degree of implementation: the work materials are implemented to the educational process and scientific work of Human Anatomy Department and Histology Department of Uzhgorod National University Medical Faculty, I.Ya. Gorbachevskyi Ternopil State Medical University Normal Anatomy Department, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University Normal Anatomy Department, Bukovyna State Medical University Anatomy, Topographical Anatomy and Operative Surgery Department (Chernivtsi), P.L. Shupik National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Judicial Medicine Department, Danylo Galytskyi Lviv National Medical University Normal Anatomy Departments, Kharkiv National Medical University Human Anatomy Department, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy Human Anatomy Department (Poltava), S.I. Georgievskii Crimean State Medical University Normal Anatomy Department (Simferopol), Lugansk State Medical University Human Anatomy Department, Zaporozhia State Medical University Anatomy, Topographical Anatomy and Operative Surgery Department.
