Kornienko S. Agrobiological bases of formation of yield and quality of seeds of sugar beet and red beet in the Eastern Forest-steppe of Ukraine

Theoretical justification, generalization and the solution of one of important scientific problems - definition of agrobiological, selection and seed-growing questions on increase of productive potential depending on optimization of elements of cultivation of stools (the Іst year) and seed plants (the IInd year) of varieties of red beet at MS parental components of hybrids of F1 of sugar beet were given. For the conditions of the Eastern Forest-steppe of Ukraine for the first time it was defined adaptive capacity of Ukrainian gene pool, it was identified sources for breeding and seed growing from which developed directory. It was improved the statistical model predicting efficiency and productivity of stools depending on the variability of meteorological factors. The general adaptive ability of grades and hybrids of F1 was established and stable genotypes for selection and seed farming were found. The qualifier of sertification signs was developed for conducting seed farming and close connection between them was established. The basis of formation of elements of productivity and quality of stool root crops and seeds in adaptive energy saving elements of technology of cultivation and storage were proved. On the basis of modern methods the technique of selection and seed-growing process of genotypes was improved. Criteria of increase of agrophytocenosis of plants of the Ist and the IInd years of life on the basis of improvement of ways of the main and preseeding processing of the soil, types of an irrigation, norms and types of fertilizers, terms and norms of seeds, steckling application, growth factors before seeds, means and ways of protection against weeds were established. Effective elements of track technology of cultivation and ways of the mechanized harvesting of stool root crops were developed. The technique of cultivation of original seeds on the basis of optimization of the scheme of cultivation (3,5:1) of seed plants of parental components and additional pollination was improved. The models of adaptive technologies of cultivation of plants of the Ist and the IInd years of life of varieties of red beet and hybrids of sugar beet were scientifically proved and introduced in production. Keywords: seed farming, red beet and sugar beet, varieties, lines and MS hybrids, technologies, irrigation, fertilizers, agrophytocenosis, productivity and quality of stool and seed plants.