Polishchuk V. Biological principles of formation of high quality seeds of sugar beets depending on agrotechnological conditions of their cultivation.

The object of this study was the process of seed germination, plant growth and development of sugar beet depending on abiotic and biotic factors of the environment and agrotechnological growing conditions. The aim of this study was to find particularities of the formation of high-quality seeds breeding numbers depending on the development and productivity of seed plants; to improve methods of micropropagation of sugar beet plant material in vitro, accelerated propagation of beet bolter resistant MS component of sugar beets in particular, and to develop a methodology of sugar beet breeding and presowing preparation of seeds. Research methods: lab assay method, mathematical-statistical, method of comparative study. The correlation relationships between germinating energy, germination capacity under the temperature of +20°C and under the lower temperature during seed sprouting (+10°C) were established. The regularities of yield and seed quality formation depending on the controlled regulation of the blooming process and MS component and O-type fruit formation were determined. The dependence of on-the-field germination of the component seeds on their germination capacity under the lower germination temperature was elucidated. The possibility of inheritance of germination capacity of the seeds selected under lower temperatures was studied. The micropropagation technique of sugar beet plant material, including accelerated propagation beet bolter resistant MS component of sugar beets was developed. Three hybrids of sugar beet (Atlant, Antaeus and Darina) were created and submitted to the State strain testing. Three utility models were patented in Patent Office of Ukraine. The author findings are implemented at Vinnytsia Seed Plant Ltd. "Ahrohrad B" and of "Archie" Koziatyn region Vinnytsia region. The research results are used in the Uman National University of Horticulture, the Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, the Uman experimental sugar beet breeding station and the National dendrological park "Sofiyivka" of NAS of Ukraine". The results of these studies can be used at the research breeding institutions and the crop production.