Krasnozhon A. Evolution of long-term fortification and historical topography of the cites of the North-Western Black Sea Region in the beginning of the XV - the end of XVIII cent.

The work is structured according to the chronological principle, based on typological distribution of monuments. Considered and analyzed up to two dozen fortifications of the North-Western Black Sea. The standard scheme is a stage-by-stage development of each of the fortresses from the most archaic core to the late outer front. Architectural analysis makes it possible to solve basic questions on the typology of fortresses and chronology, especially in those cases where it is impossible to give a memorial by traditional sources: written or epigraphic. All fortifications are divided into two main groups: 1) the castle (the beginning of XV - the end of the XVII century); and 2) bastion (XVIII century). The second group is represented by bastion fortresses. After that here are built five bastion fortresses already by the Russian authorities. In the second part of the dissertation the historical topography of the cities of the North-Western Black Sea region in the XV-XVIII centuries was investigated.