In the dissertation a more profound understanding of the morphological organization of the corpus callosum that mediates commissural connections between the contralateral centers of the cerebral cortex, is achieved. The concept of the anatomical form and the external structure of the corpus callosum is also substantially supplemented and expanded, and some individual formations of the external structure have found an organic connection with its internal structure for the first time in the literature. Improved methods of morphometric analysis allowed to elucidate in detail the range of the individual diversity of the corpus callosum sexual dimorphism in its age aspect and give an appropriate interpretation to this quantitative expression. It has been proved that such linear parameters as the thickness of the genu, trunk and splenium of corpus callosum, are not very informative when determining its sexual dimorphism. When studying the individual diversity of the corpus callosum sexual dimorphism in the age aspect, the metric parameters that are most significant in numerical terms are its length along the chord, the length of the anterior and posterior thighs separately, their total length and total area of its sagittal profile. Thus, in men of the I period of mature age, its total area is on average 747.5 ± 110.4 mm2; in the II period - 684.7 ± 130.0 mm2; in the old age - 650.2 ± 121.9 mm2, which approximately coincides with the previous period and is noticeably different from the I period of mature age. Thus, there are some reasons to talk about the existing general trend towards a slight decrease of the male corpus callosum with age, but it is impossible to determine exactly when this involutive process begins. Compared to this, the total area of anatomical preparations of the female corpus callosum sagittal profile is in the range between 386.4 and 877.5 mm2. Moreover, as well as in male group, such a spread, determining individual variability, does not depend on the intragroup age gradation. But in the course of intergroup comparison (І period of mature age, II period of mature age, as well as periods of elderly and senile age) of arithmetic mean values of the total area of the corpus callosum, it is possible to observe a certain tendency to its decrease. But compared to men, this trend in female group is less pronounced. The purposeful decomposition analysis of the internal structure of the corpus callosum provided a decoding of the principle of the multilevel system organization of the basic tissue elements in it which are arranged in the three-dimensional space of myelinated nerve fibers, glial cells and blood microcircuits. The gap in the literature concerning the features of corpus callosum blood supply and its microcirculatory bloodstream structure was filled in. The organization of the ways of fluid extravascular circulation among myelinated nerve fibers was also studied. The establishment of the morphological connection of the corpus callosum with its accompanying structures, which traditionally belong to the system of the limbic brain (longitudinal striations, fornix, and septum pellucidum), was an essential addition.
