Dunaievska O. Morphofunctional features of the spleen of vertebrate animals

The research is devoted to the study of the anatomy, immunohistochemical architectonics of the spleen of the vertebrate animals, taking into account the regularities of formation of morphological features (markers) and the development of the test-system of the organ. The Kernogan index for the central artery of the lymphoid nodule and periarterial lymphoid sheaths of white pulp of animal spleen was firstly determined. The quantitative characteristics of the cytopopulation of spleen's white pulp in mammal and the density of lymphocyte's location are presented. The index of development, the germinal-follicular index and the lymphoid factor of the spleen were calculated. To characterize the immune function of the spleen, the ratio of the relative area of the white pulp to the relative weight of the spleen is proposed. The algorithm test-system of the organ in norm as biomarkers first developed and experimentally proved like method for environmental biomonitoring and obtaining safe food products, which based on morphological studies spleen of the poikilothermic animals. It is proved that as an environmental bioindicator it is expedient to use a lake frog and march frog. Such indicators of the system are not only the absolute and relative masses of the spleen of the vertebrate animals, but also the morphometric values of the structural units of the spleen. According to the results of the ultramicroscopic structure of the endothelium of the inner membrane of the vessels (central arteries lymphoid nodule, lymphoid sheaths near the vessels, blood vessels of the hemomycocirculatory channel), which has the form of a plate, which formed by a pad of 8-12 endothelial cells; grouped in complexes of adhesive contacts in adhesion zones, which are interconnected, experimentally substantiated somatic type of endothelium of blood vessels.