Poliakova I. Theoretical basis for creation of high yield varieties of oil-seed flax in Ukrainian Steppe conditions

Object of study: parameters of the crop variety model, methods of creating source material, improvement of the breeding process, peculiarities of manifestation and inheritance of marker traits, expansion of flax genetic resources, breeding value of wild flax. Methods: general scientific, field, laboratory, biochemical, electrophoresis, genetic analysis, statistical.Results: seven high-yielding varieties of oil flax were created and entered into the State Register of Ukraine (Zolotistyj, Kivika, Vodograj, Svitlozir, Patriczij, Ogni Dneprogesa, Zaporozhskij bogatyr) for different uses and one variety of decorative flax (Vognik). At the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine seven samples of flax were registered as well as two collections of plant gene pool "Working trait collection of oil flax gene pool by productivity elements", which consists of 108 samples, and "Special trait collection of flax gene pool by protein markers", which has 22 samples. Three patents were introduced into the breeding process: a method for the electrophoretic distribution of storage proteins in flax seeds, a method for assessing and predicting plant productivity, a method for determining the morphology of the plastid apparatus of plants. Novelty: ways of increasing the efficiency of working with oil flax were determined. A model of a promising variety of oil flax for the Steppe of Ukraine was created from eleven integral indicators. Varieties were identified that consistently reproduce with high levels of economically valuable traits. Expansion of the form-forming process of flax under the use of induced mutagenesis was revealed and the effectiveness of the use of mutants in breeding programs was proved. A valuable breeding material was obtained by the method of interspecific hybridization. The structural traits of the photosynthetic apparatus of green plants and chlorophyll mutants of oil flax were established. Manifestation was obtained and described, and inheritance traits were established for color change mutations in flax plants and the appropriate names and symbols were assigned to new genes. A collection of thirteen chlorophyll-deficient mutant lines was created. A collection of eleven wild-growing flax species was formed and their breeding value wasestablished. Field of use: agriculture.