In the dissertation, based on a complex of archival and published sources, the socio-political struggle of the peasantry of the Dnieper Ukraine in the first decades of the twentieth century is reproduced. The concept of the peasant revolution of 1902 – 1922 is investigated using the conflict analysis: causes, motive forces, dynamics, and consequences of peasant struggle. The purpose of the study is to investigate the peasant revolution in the Dnieper Ukraine in 1902–1922. General scientific, special-historical, concrete-historical, and interdisciplinary methods, including the method of conflict analysis, are used in the study. The classification of the source base of the study is based on the typological classification. The unique set of sources of peasant origin are materials of activity of rural gatherings of practically all Ukrainian provinces. The materials of the Permanent Meeting on Combating Banditry under the CPC of the Ukrainian SSR (1921) reveal the peculiarities of relations between the Soviet authorities and the peasantry, the consequences of the peasant revolution, the mood of the peasantry. A wide range of narrative sources reproduces the manifestations of the peasant revolution on the ground. The scientific novelty of the results of the study is that for the first time in the perspective of conflicting analysis, a generalized picture of the peasant revolution of 1902–1922 is created; the attitude of political parties and organizations (the United Nobility, the Constitutional Democrats, the PSR, the RSDLP) to the problem of the peasant revolution is characterized, as well as the position of the Ukrainian leaders of these parties on the peasant question in 1906–1916; the role of public committees in the organization of the peasantry in 1917 is revealed; the activity of the rural community from 1917 to the first half of 1920 is studied; the relations of the RCP(b) and the CP(b)U with the Ukrainian peasantry in the context of the completion of the second stage of the peasant revolution are clarified. As a result of the research the definition of the term «peasant revolution» is proposed. The Peasant Revolution in the Dnieper Ukraine of 1902–1922 is a socio-political phenomenon in the Ukrainian village, caused by the contradictions of the economic development of the modernization period and the reaction of the peasantry to the legal, cultural, educational, and national oppression in the Russian Empire, as well as the need to protect their interests in the Ukrainian revolution and the formation of Soviet power. The peasant revolution was occurring amid the political revolutions of that time: the revolution of 1905–1907, the February Revolution, and the Ukrainian Revolution. The peasant revolution failed to produce its own political agenda and ideology, although the slogan «law, land, and will» was the unifying factor for the peasantry. Since 1917, the peasant revolution took place amid numerous changes in the government and the organizing role in the peasant struggle and the real impact on the situation belonged to the rural community.
