Bondar A. Entropy management methodology of project-oriented organizations in a turbulent environment

As a result of the dissertation research the problem of increasing the stability of project-oriented organizations in a turbulent environment is solved, thanks to entropy management methodology - a new methodology that includes the concept and set of appropriate methods and models to solve problems related to the functioning and development of project-oriented organizations. As a result of the analysis of specificity of turbulence of external environment and character of its interaction with the organizations preconditions of necessary development of the theory of management of the organizations, and, in particular, management of the project-oriented organizations are defined. As a direction of development of this theory, the universal law of energy conservation in systems of different nature is substantiated, which provides the most complete consideration of all processes of interaction of the organization as a system with the external environment. The concept of entropy management is developed, which is based on the consideration of the organization as a system of a certain structure with flows of information, energy and matter. It is proved that the "structure" of the organization includes part of the controlled environment of its immediate environment. Thus, the nature and specifics of information exchange and energy of the organization with the external environment are established. This approach justifies the presence of a set of entropies, the unity of influence of which determines the state of the organization. Based on the law of energy conservation and formalization of the category "temperature" for organizations, the basic laws linking energy entropy with information entropy are obtained. It is determined that energy entropy is a characteristic of the state of the organization in terms of efficiency of its energy circulation, which, in turn, is the result of "concluding" the organization itself and building its relationships with the external environment. A study of the structure and dynamics of energy entropy for a project-oriented organization. The result is the formalization of energy entropy for a particular project in the organization, as a basis for analyzing the feasibility of including a new project in the portfolio and assessing the consequences of its implementation for the organization as a whole. A model of the dynamics of energy entropy of the organization for different conditions of change of energy parameters for forecasting its state is developed. Thus, a set of tools for assessing the state of the organization in the dynamics as a whole and for each component of its structure in the form of projects. A method for determining the information entropy of projects corresponding to the operational activities of project-oriented organizations is also proposed, which is a combination of the Shennov approach to the calculation of entropy and methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory. The procedure is based on the consideration of project results as a random variable with a normal distribution law, and the set of events for estimating entropy is formed by "splitting" into intervals between possible values of project results. The dynamics of entropy is considered in conjunction with the dynamics of the mean deviation of the result as a function of time. The conditions under which the dynamics of entropy will indicate the positive quality of project management processes are determined. The influence of development projects on the entropy dynamics both at the level of an individual project and at the level of the organization as a whole is identified. The concept of "entropy barrier" is introduced and the specifics of the dynamics of the state of the organization in relation to this barrier are determined. The classification of projects in terms of their impact on the entropy of the organization. It is established that the organization's project portfolio should be balanced in terms of the impact of projects on entropy, and should include projects aimed at resisting or reducing entropy, as well as projects aimed at increasing the entropy barrier. This balance allows to ensure the sustainability of the project-oriented organization. An appropriate model of project portfolio formation has been developed, which takes into account the necessary balance conditions. The model of formation of the road map of development of the organization which sequence of projects corresponds to a condition of stability in an entropic context is developed. Thus, models for optimizing the composition of organizational development projects for different time ranges in accordance with the conditions for ensuring the resilience of the organization to the negative effects that manifest themselves in the form of entropy. The main tool for combating entropy is human resources.