Complex high technology projects and programs are usually characterized by a large number of stakeholders involved. It should be noted that in order to ensure the quality and success of such projects, it is necessary to have methodological support for identifying stakeholder groups and rating mechanisms for the requirements of the project stakeholders in the face of limited resources.
Existing methods for stakeholders identification and analysis are limited to expert assessments of two or three standard characteristics, which prevents the effective stakeholder management of real projects. This research is aimed at solving the problem of the lack of mechanisms for taking into account the multidividence characteristics of stakeholders, as well as the sectoral affiliation of the project. It is known that the classical instruments of the theory of stakeholders are the Mitchell model, the balance model of resource relationships, the network model; the classification and evaluation of stakeholders in project management under the PMBoK standard is based on two-dimensional models (for example, a power-interest matrix). Thus, existing models and methods of stakeholders identification and analysis are based on the assessment of two or three indicators, and the evaluation process itself is mainly carried out by an expert method in the 5-10 point scale. For the practical application of the results of such studies it is necessary to expand the range of evaluated indicators and carry out a multi-dimensional analysis of stakeholders, with the possibility of taking into account the sectoral affiliation of the project.
Therefore, methods and tools that take into account the specifics of complex multisectoral projects, industry specifics and resource constraints should be developed to improve the stakeholder management of projects and programs.
In view of this, the development of models and methods for analyzing stakeholders and monitoring their requirements is an important scientific and applied task.
The purpose of the study is an increasing of the effectiveness of decision-making on interactions with stakeholders, based on monitoring processes of project and program requirements within resource constraints.
The object of the research – the processes of requirements monitoring of projects and programs within resource constraints.
Subject of research – models and methods of requirements monitoring of projects and programs within resource constraints.
In the conducted researches the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, system analysis during theoretical research; methods of expert evaluations during the identification and analysis of stakeholders of knowledge intensive projects and programs, formalization of the metrics of the model of multidimensional stakeholders classification; methods of adaptive management of projects and programs to take into account changes in the requirements of stakeholders; process approach for modeling and monitoring stakeholder requirements; methods of the theory of fuzzy sets for the formalization of the metrics model of the multidimensional classification of stakeholders; methods of multidimensional analysis (in particular, cluster analysis) for developing a model and method of multidimensional classification of stakeholders; IDEF0 methodology for formalizing the processes of proposed models and methods.
Scientific novelty of the results.
For the first time a method of multidimensional classification of project stakeholders was developed, based on the use of the matrix model of the multi-dimensional classification of stakeholders 4R & WS of the project, which, unlike existing ones, allows tracking the dynamics of meeting the requirements of the project, taking into account their resource and risk load, which will allow to increase the efficiency of decision making on resource, risk and organizational planning of projects.
The method of mastered requirements, based on the comparison of the hierarchical requirements and project work structures, unlike existing ones, allows to monitor the fulfillment of the requirements of the project stakeholders in time in accordance with the volume of actually spent resources, which allows to increase the efficiency of decision-making on interactions with stakeholders on basis of monitoring processes of project and program requirements has been improved.
Further development of the method of project stakeholders classification, based on the integration of the hierarchical structure of the requirements and works of the project, which, in contrast to the existing ones, is supplemented with an indicator of requirements resource intensity that allows substantial resource planning and control has been condacted.
Keywords: stakeholders, monitoring requirements, requirements of project stakeholders, earned requirements method, models and methods for monitoring the requirements of projects and programs, classification of project stakeholders.
