The dissertation provides a theoretical generalization and offers a new solution to an important scientific problem, which is to develop economic and mathematical models of irrational consumer behavior in limited commodity markets, taking into account psychological factors, tastes, preferences.
The research conducted allow to formulate key features that need to be considered in the general modeling of the behavior of economic agents.
The components of behavioral economics is analyzed, namely the processes of preparation, analysis, measurement, accumulation, identification, presentation and interpretation of nonfinancial data, based on which the leadership of organizations, ministries and scientists can make both operational and strategic decisions that affect the development of correspondently organizations, or industry in general.
The work investigates various psychological effects associated with irrational attitudes of individuals, and proves that financial and economic, as well as managerial decisions are influenced by situational judgments and emotions. Management of mass economic consciousness, as well as strengthening and provoking positive and negative economic phenomena. The phenomena of different perception of information depending on its formulation are analyzed.
It is found that behavioral economics for ordinary people is expressed mainly in the fact that it encourages more rational economic action from their point of view. Results of this work provides important knowledge for a better understanding of financial and economic mechanisms, motivates critical perception of information and helps to make the right decisions and build their behavior more effectively.
It is shown that the behavioral effect is not always negative, but can lead to a better outcome of the system as a whole. Behavioral effects can be explained by the peculiarities of the psyche, goals, aspirations, internal motivators of each individual economic agent. When making decisions, each agent decides for himself what will bring him more pleasure, such as achieving maximum personal usefulness as in the case of Nash equilibrium or sacrificing his well-being for the sake of other participants as in the case of Berge. At the same time there are various conflicts of motives of behavior. It should be borne in mind that in market conditions, the choice made by an economic agent is limited not only by budget and certain benefits. Psychological characteristics also play an important role. In economics, the line between the rational and the irrational is becoming increasingly illusory. In real life, a person cannot behave within a strict framework of economic rationality. Thus, rationality and irrationality in real life complement each other, which allows decision-making models to approach the real behavior of economic agents.
Methods of non-cooperative game theory are considered on the example of neoclassical model of equilibrium of goods in a limited market between a fixed number of economic agents. Methods of "Cournot probing" and the principle of individual optimality are described and the difference between concepts is demonstrated. The model is solved using the principle of individual optimality and the results are compared with the solution of the same problem solved with other methods.
The principles of hyperbolic discounting are formed, which are entirely formed solely on the prudence of the buyer, because the objective factors are the same. Similar explanations have been proposed to help explain procrastination and other willpower problems that lead to negative economic consequences.
The main problem in modeling behavioral economics systems is the need to take into account a significant number of objective and subjective factors used in the model, and the results of the modeling are unpredictable, because not always the classic "rational" will coincide with the end result. irrational for the system as a whole, may be rational for a particular economic agent, from his point of view. The more objects of study in one system, the more difficult it is to model, because each player can change their preferences at any time, both deterministically and chaotically. Each of the factors, each player will affect the end result. Several models of behavioral economics and psychological, subjective, or external factors in shaping consumer choice have been considered. But such a comprehensive and comprehensive approach to modeling, taking into account behavioral economics, is the most accurate and useful, both for scientists and for ordinary sellers or buyers.
