Martynenko O. The Mechanisms of State Management of Biological Safety.

In the course of the research it has been established that the mechanisms of state management of biological safety are the system of political, institutional, organizational, legal, economic and social means of targeted influence of public administration bodies aimed at achieving protection for the population, infrastructure and environment from dangerous or potentially hazardous factors. It ensures an acceptable level of biological hazard and creates conditions for controlling biological risks and preventing their negative manifestation and / or overcoming their destructive consequences. The criteria for classification of biological threats have been distinguished, namely: according to source of origin; according to the degree of intentional influence; according to socio-economic significance; on a territorial basis; on capacity to influence by means of specific prevention. It has been proposed to include a list of biological threats in the draft Law of Ukraine "On Biosafety and Biological Protection" in order to develop specific tools for their prior identification and neutralization. Based on the foreign experience, it has been proved that an effective institutionally capable system of public biosafety management have been created in all developed countries. It provides the existence of a separate body or a set of governmental agencies responsible for controlling the process of the creation / circulation / movement / sale of pathogens, for licensing the activity of relevant nongovernmental structures working with biological substances, for conducting educational activities to ensure biosafety and prevention of biological risks. In addition, special attention is paid to the monitoring of biological risks that provides a rapid response to threatening factors. The analysis of normative and legal acts has allowed to highlight the spheres of legal regulation on the subject basis: normative and legal regulation for ensuring the safety of consumption objects (food), which contain genetically modified organisms; regulating the use of the latest treatments related to the manipulation of genetic material; the area of scientific and experimental activities of a potentially biologically dangerous nature; regulation of counteraction to biological terrorism and use of infectious diseases for military purposes. The emphasis has been placed on the need to develop a draft Law of Ukraine "On Biosafety and Biological Protection" in order to regulate the provisions on the legitimate definition of biological hazards and biological threats; to determine the algorithms for responding to certain types of biological threats, to describe the probable consequences of their spread; to establish the procedure for restricting property and personal non-property rights of individuals, to update the methods of accumulation of information on biological hazards, taking into account the need to preserve personal data; to regulate the procedure for assessing the level of danger and to plan measures for preventing, overcoming and minimizing the negative effects of biological hazards.