The dissertation deepens theoretical and methodological foundations and develops practical recommendations for the development of processes of diffusion of innovations in the ICT sector in the context of the digital economy (DE) formation in Ukraine.
The essence of diffusion of innovations (DI) as a process of spread of innovations, motion of knowledge, social and communication process was clarified. The characteristics of the diffusion of different types of innovations were determined. It is proposed to consider: non-commercial transfer; commercial transfer; free imitation (spillover); sale of innovative products to consumers. An economic DI model between the transmitting and receiving parties was developed. The aspects of DI processes consideration and factors of their development at macro-, meso-, micro- and individual levels are distinguished.
The DI development is considered as a driver of ICT sector progress and DE formation. The features of digital innovations, which cover various ICT components, are identified. The focus is on the specifics of DI in the ICT sector; its features and description models of the development of relevant processes are defined. A DI research frame that summarizes the main directions of the analysis is proposed.
The steady ICT sector growth in the world and the intensification of DI processes, that concern the DE are shown. The structure and problems of ICT sector functioning in Ukraine were investigated. A macroeconomic analysis of its features, including the structure; the variety of emerging technologies; employment parameters; forms of cooperation, etc., was conducted. The parameters of DI in the ICT sector, including indicators of: innovation activity in the economy and in the ICT sector; creation and transfer of technologies; patenting; scientific publications were analyzed.
An analysis of domestic experience in the development of innovations and DI provision in the ICT sector of the Noosphere project group, including Noosphere Engineering Schools, was conducted. The activity with respect to DI of two companies of the space industry is characterized. Conclusions on the advantages of international cooperation, the R&D transnationalization, and new approaches to innovation marketing are drawn. The main ways of technology obtaining and promoting in this project group are characterized. The reasonability of a cluster form of integration.
An analysis of the ICT using parameters in the economy sectors and regions of Ukraine in order to justify the DI development directions is conducted. The clustering of the economy sectors by ICT using indicators was made, distinguishing: the leading industries, industries demonstrating average rates of use, lame-duck industries. A significant digital divide between industry clusters was shown parametrically. The indicators that are the most significant for the positioning of industries and are a priority for eliminating the digital divide between them were identified based on the classification analysis.
The clustering of Ukrainian regions by indicators of ICT using was made with the allocation of: the leading region; the regions-followers; regions-outsiders. A digital divide between region clusters was shown parametrically. The indicators that are the most significant for the positioning of regions and are a priority for the digital divide eliminating between them were identified based on the classification analysis. The need for DI state support, taking into account the specific problems of industries/regions, is substantiated.
A concept for the development of DI processes in the ICT sector based on a combination of noosphere, ecosystem and social approaches was developed. The principles and imperatives for the development of these processes are formulated, taking into account the tasks of DE formation. The strategic directions for the development of DI processes in the ICT sector are highlighted.
There is an emphasis on the innovative infrastructure importance for the development of DI processes in the ICT sector. The principles and detailed directions of IInf improvement, including general and special ones, which serves to provide DI, are defined. The creation of a platform for interaction between software vendors and consumers is proposed. The need to expand the infrastructural role of universities in the development of DI has been substantiated. Measures to expand the role of the NES in these processes are suggested.
The basis for improving the effectiveness of public policy in the field of DI in the ICT sector is formulated. The directions of effectiveness increasing of this policy and the need for a synthesis of various forms, strategic approaches, tools and methods of DI support were determined. The applicability of special regimes of DI support in the ICT sector is substantiated, and their functions and components are defined. Suggestions for improving the DI monitoring system by introducing a number of new indicators are given.
