The dissertation deals with the theoretical and methodological substantiation and development of practical guidelines on improving the organizational and economic mechanism of breeding pig products market regulation. The study considers the breeding pig market is as a set of production and economic relations between economic entities in relation to various processes that form a prerequisite for the intensive development of the commercial pig industry. The study identified components of the market of breeding pig products: the market of semen and embryos; market of breeding young and adult animals, covering segments by the animals sex, age, the breed purity (elite class, other classes, half-breeds, etc.); services market, joint products market. The peculiarities of the breeding pig products market to be taken into account while developing and modernizing the levers of organizational and economic regulation were systematized.
The definition of organizational and economic mechanism of market regulation of breeding pig products which is considered as an organic combination of state economic regulation of breeding products and innovative technologies and mechanisms of market self-regulation. It involves price and financial mechanisms, insurance and taxation system, budget support and innovation as well as investment support. The specificity of the organizational and economic mechanism of the breeding pig market functioning is manifested in the high monopolization of production and its dependence on investment in the form of state support.
The study proved that the breeding pig products market is to be studied in two directions: the first one involves studying the state and trends of consumer demand for breeding products, demand forecasts development; the second one involves determination of specific features of the commodity offer, production possibilities of the pig breeding sub-branch, determination of economic efficiency of production at the level of economic entities. Working out the breeding pig products market development forecast is to be carried out taking into account the domestic demand for marketable pig products and possible imports of breeding pigs.
The instruments of state support of the industry in the countries of intensive pig breeding were systematized. These include subsidies; interest rate subsidies, research funding; insurance; preferential lending; reimbursement of material and production costs; price regulation; government interventions. It was established that the state regulation in breeding pig breeding of the leading countries is focused on ensuring intensive dynamic development of the industry, increasing animal productivity, strict compliance with environmental requirements. The study proved that the branch production volumes increase in the leading countries is provided at the expense of achievements in the animals selection and genetics.
It is established that on January 1, 2021 in all categories of farms the number of pigs increased against the corresponding period of 2020 by 113 thousand heads, including in agricultural enterprises - by 320.2 thousand, while in households there was a decrease - by 207.2 thousand heads, on the basis of which it was concluded that the concentration of pigs in specialized farms has increased. It is estimated that in 2018-2020 the level of feed consumption per unit growth of pigs in agricultural enterprises has not changed significantly and is 4.8 quintals. feed. units, however, in households there is a tendency to reduce this indicator, which causes an insufficient level of production efficiency. It was found that the grain price index in 2020 is significantly higher than the corresponding value of the pig price index, which led to losses, especially for small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises.
It is proved that of the 11 breeds of pigs in the country, the most common (90% of the livestock) are Large white, Poltava meat and Ukrainian meat breeds. A decrease in the number of pigs was found out on 61% in breeding sites in 2002-2018. It was the most noticeable in agricultural enterprises with a livestock of up to 500 animals though highly concentrated economic entities managed to maintain the breeding stock animals. Target segments of breeding producers was identified depending on the size of the herd: enterprises with the livestock of up to 500 animals focused on meeting the demand of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises and households; those with the livestock of more than 2000 animals that supply the breeding stock to business entities engaged in industrial pig production.
