Tsyntar N. Category of emotivity in English fiction of the ХІХ and ХХІ century (gender aspect)

The thesis focuses on the study of the gender aspect of the category of emotivity in English fiction of the ХІХ and ХХІ century. The obtained data about the text emotivity and linguistic means of its representation considering the narrator’s gender contribute to the development of the general theory of the text, emotiology and linguistics in general. We have studied the masculine and feminine peculiarities of the emotivity of the Male and Female Authors’ Novels of the XXI c on two levels of realization of emotivity – verbal and cognitive. It has been found the essential quantitative domination of emotivity in the female novels. The verbal realization of the emotivity has been investigated in two categories: lexical means that express emotions (emotives, stylistic means, syntactic means) and lexical means that describe emotions (emotives and emotional cinemas). It has been revealed that MA used more syntactic means for revealing the emotivity while FA used more stylistic means. The conceptual system of the emotional concepts was divided into three domains: negative, positive and ambivalent emotions. It has been stated that the main emotheme for the MA of the XIX c. is the theme social inequality, and for the FA of the XIX c. – the emotheme family. Also in this chapter it has been revealed that in the MA novels of the XIX c. the superposition of the emotional background is in tune with the emotional tonality of the text while in the FA novels of the XIX c. they are not always harmonious. It has been found that in the MA novels of the XIX c. the emotional tonality of the objective type is more frequently used. But in the FA novels of the XIX c. the emotional tonality of the directory type in combitation with the objective type prevails. Having studied the masculine and feminine peculiarities of two levels of realization of emotivity – verbal and cognitive in the Male and Female Authors’ Novels of the XXI c., it has been stated that according to the directory type, the author’s type of emotional nomination is more peculiar for the MA novels of the XXI c. while the character type is more peculiar for the FA novels of the XXI c.. It has been found, as in the XIX c., the quantitative domination of the examples of the emotive realization in the FA novels. We have stated that the MA of the XXI c. used the syntactic means more often while the FA more often used stylistic means. Though, the emotives are more peculiar for the FA than for the MA novels of the XXI c.. It has been stated that the MA authors’ description of the emotions is compressed, short-spoken, laconic with the domination of verbs and nouns in the simple sentences, often in the negative ones, by means of the author’s words. FA of the XXI c. realize emotions more impulsive, in the characters’ direct speech predominantly with the help of the nouns and adjectives. It has been found that in comparison with the novels under investigation of the XIX c. the accent of the emotional focus of the XXI c. novels has been changed: from positive to negative. At the same time, MA of the XXI c. continue the tendency of the XIX c. – the negative emotions are predominant. It has also been found in this chapter that the dominant emotheme for both the MA ans FA novels is the emotheme love that is mainly realized by means of the tense transitory negative emotional states. It has been proved that the egocentric emotional tonality is peculiar for both the FA and MA novels of the XXI c.. We have come to the conclusion that the same as in the XIX c. novels that the superposition of the emotional background is in tune with the emotional tonality in the MA texts while in the FA novels of the XXI c. they are not always harmonious.