Scientific work is devoted to the study of psychological features of decision-making by the commander in conditions of uncertainty. A theoretical study of decision-making in psychological science was conducted by analyzing views on the nature of decision-making. Theoretical research has shown that there is currently no single generalized psychological theory of decision-making in psychological science, but a number of concepts and models have been presented that describe and explain individual behavior in decision-making situations. It was found that the decision was considered from the standpoint. It has been proven that a commander almost always operates in conditions of varying degrees of uncertainty, so the most important requirement for him is the ability to function properly and make decisions in conditions of uncertainty.
A theoretical analysis of the decision-making problem and its specifics in the activities of the commander was conducted.
The author's vision is to consider the psychological features of decision-making by the commander in conditions of uncertainty within three psychological components: cognitive (analysis of the characteristics of uncertainty, information, alternatives and rational assessment of choice, its implementation and consequences), emotional and volitional (control and regulation of volitional actions of the individual related to overcoming difficulties and barriers to decision-making, with the implementation of choices, including in situations of uncertainty) and value-motivational (regulation of motives and actions in choice, ensuring activity and focus on finding options choosing and achieving goals in decision making). The semantic content of each psychological component is shown.
A number of psychological factors that have a significant impact on the decision of the commander (uncertainty, danger, suddenness, novelty, increasing the pace of action, lack of time, etc.) are outlined. The main factors that increase uncertainty and influence the decision of the commander (a large amount of information; rapid growth of firepower of troops; the use of high-precision weapons; the use of new technological means of informational influence on consciousness, etc.).
The concept of the phenomenon of "uncertainty" is comprehensively analyzed – from incompleteness and inaccuracy of information on the conditions of implementation of activities, which implies the presence of instability factors, for which the results of actions are not determined. The degree of their influence on the action is unknown, and to the characteristic feature of the environment in which it is impossible to accurately predicts the occurrence of certain events. The content of the uncertainty types in which the commander has to make decisions is established and revealed.
Methodological approaches, principles, research methods are singled out. The organization, stages and methods of decision-making research by the commander in conditions of uncertainty are substantiated.
The psychodiagnostic complex of the methods directed on revealing of psychological features at commanders during decision-making in the conditions of uncertainty is tested.
The peculiarities of the commander's psyche functioning during decision-making in conditions of stochastic, temporal, spatial and linguistic uncertainty in accordance with their level of muscular tonic activity have been studied. It was found that the level of simulated types influence of uncertainty on the decision-making of commanders with a high level of muscular tonic activity is much less than that of commanders with a low level of muscular tonic activity. This is confirmed by the difference in the results obtained during the study. Uncertainty tolerance has been found to be prevalent in all commanders with a high level of muscular tonic activity, with the exception of commanders with a low level of energy potential, where an intolerance to uncertainty prevails.
In the factor structure of psychological features of decision-making by commanders, two factors have been identified that characterize the opposite tendencies of decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. The first factor, «Meaningfulness and rationality», combined features associated with reflexivity, vigilance, rationality, high meaningful life orientations and professional ambitions, and low levels of courage, adaptation, procrastination. The second factor «Risk and tolerance for uncertainty» combined features associated with a high level of confidence
