Moshak D. Manipulative political communications as a factor of political risk in conditions of democratization

The dissertation is dedicated to establishing the importance of political manipulation as a factor in the risk development of modern political communication in the conditions of democratization. Attempts to establish not only the structural elements of political-communication interactions, but also the relationship between modern communication phenomena and the political process are increasingly appearing in modern studies of political communication. The motivation of political messages by subjective goals and preferences and political actors is an important topic for revealing the development trends of contemporary "mediacracy" and the evolution of political representation and management in the digital information and communication age. The manipulative content of political communication messages is a factor in the interpretation of the meaning of the participation of political subjects and institutions in the transmission of political messages. The systemic nature of political manipulation allows us to identify repeated patterns of political and communication behavior and change the institutional design of democratic competitive politics in accordance with the means of spreading political information with a hidden purpose. Focusing the attention of the scientific community on the conceptualization of political manipulation in the context of anti-crisis political communication allows to find out the transformation models of such basic political and communication phenomena as political speech, political message, political interpretation, etc. In the conditions of modern Ukraine, the content and scope of political manipulation require not only a conceptual clarification of this concept, but also a correlation with the features of democratization as a trend of the entire period after the Revolution of Dignity. Also, the study of the political-manipulative context of political communication answers the questions about finding Ukraine's own model of political competitiveness in the age of digitalization, as well as in the conditions of Ukraine's armed struggle against Russian aggression. Political-manipulative methods and techniques become relevant in the context of defending the Ukrainian national information space, forming the latest national identity, communication capacity of civil society, etc. Thus, the relevance of the study of political manipulation as a factor in the development of political communication is determined both by the need for scientific clarification of the conceptual and categorical apparatus, and by demonstrating the correspondence of scientific research to existing theoretical provisions. The purpose of the dissertation research is to establish the significance of political manipulation as a risk factor in the development of modern political communication in the conditions of democratization. Professional political discourse on political manipulations is gradually moving away from normative tendencies and trying to establish the objective essence of manipulative political communications as an essential type of political activity. Within the framework of modern political and institutional studies of political communication, it has been established that political manipulation is a set of actions using mass communication tools aimed at changing the behavior of modern recipients of political messages. This change in behavior reflects the intentions of political actors to achieve a certain political goal. The use of modern means of mass communication determines the possibility of prompt dissemination of political messages and their delivery to the addressee. Since the basis of political manipulation is changing the meaning of a political message, at the initial stage of a political manipulation campaign, the roles of the participants should be agreed upon. This requires a certain consensus on the spread of false information or information that can have a double interpretation. In this regard, the basis of the political-institutional structure and the environment of political manipulation are biased political-technological cells and centers that deal with the organization of political campaigns. Approaches to the typology of political manipulation are formed on the basis of the main tasks of political communication in the environment of political competition. Based on the analysis of the target motivation factors of political and communication actions, it was established that political and manipulative activity can be typologically divided into spontaneous or spontaneous, organized (planned) and reactive. According to the specifics of the organization of a political campaign, it can be divided into large-scale, local, situational or individual-group (address).