Kovalchuk M. Principles of formation of the subject of political science in its history

The thesis examines the specifics of the subject of political science through the prism of its variability and generality, clarifies the correlation between the concepts of "object" and "subject" of political science research. The article reveals the specifics of the influence of general scientific principles on the formation of the methodological discourse of science in the field of political science; the aspect of temporal and spatial determinism of knowledge about politics in terms of its physical and social manifestations; the ideological component of the formation of political discourse through the influence of the political system on the formation of the subject field of political science; the manifestation of social rationality as a defining component of the conceptualization of the subject field of political science. It demonstrates the influence of temporal-spatial and ideological determinants, as well as the principle of social rationality on the formation of political discourse in Ukraine. This is realized by fulfilling the main tasks of the dissertation: studying the state of development of the subject of political science, determining the level of unification of research on this topic; analyzing and systematizing the main paradigms of defining the subject of political science in accordance with the type of their methodological settings, including the main areas of political science research; characterizing the main problems of a clear definition of the subject of political science due to its dynamic nature; characterizing the methodological difference between the subject and object of political science. Despite the methodological fundamental nature of the issue of the subject of political science, this topic has been addressed only in scientific articles. And within the framework of dissertation research, it was only cursory and partial, which allows us to assert the existence of a "white spot" in the Ukrainian scientific discourse of political science on this topic. This is due to the insufficient study of the principles of formation of the subject of political science in different historical epochs within the Ukrainian political science discourse, from the point of view of the methodological level of research. In particular, there is a lack of methodological analysis of the influence of a certain socio-cultural reality on the establishment of the subject of political science. Nevertheless, it should also be noted that today's political discourse lacks a clear and unambiguous understanding of the subject of political science, which is the reason for manipulative processes in constructing of the political outlook of an individual. One of the main reasons for the lack of thorough research on this issue is its complexity and methodological difficulty, since political science is a science whose object of study is a sphere of society that is constantly changing and transforming, and which is in direct interaction with the scientific environment and has the potential to directly influence it. Due to the existence of a significant number of methodological approaches to the formation of the subject of political science, as well as the lack of a clear definition of it, it is rational to focus not only on the subject of political science, but also on the principles underlying its formation. Such an approach allows us to use the dynamism and constant refinement of the subject field of political science not only as a problematic issue, but also as evidence of changes in the relationship, effect and direct influence of the principles of its formation. The theoretical and practical significance of the findings is that the key results of the study are clarifying improvements to the conceptual and categorical tools of political science. Within the methodology of political science, the results of the study can be used as a schematic representation of the construction of political discourse. By highlighting the elements of the principles of formation of the subject of political science, it is possible to predict structural changes in its field. In the process of scientific political science discourse, it is possible to identify the predominant effect of one of the methodological principles, characterizing the state of the political system and the level of its influence on the scientific environment in the field of political science. The results of the study illustrate the problematic and complexity in the process of conceptualizing the subject of political science, which makes it impossible to define it clearly. As a result, an alternative consideration of the issue of the formation of the subject of political science through the prism of the methodological principles inherent in the algorithm of its construction, which are the determinants of the framework of the subject field of political science, is proposed.