The dissertation deals with the study of Polish paremies with antonymic
components, since the issue of antonymic relations between components in the
composition of paremic units remains not fully researched both in Polish
linguistics and in Ukrainian Slavic studies.
The scientific novelty of the dissertation can be seen in the fact that, for the
first time in Ukrainian and Polish linguistics, a comprehensive and multifaceted
analysis of Polish paremies with antonymic components has been carried out, in
particular, semantic oppositions in the composition of Polish paremic units have
been investigated, varieties of semantically opposite components in the structure of
Polish proverbs and sayings have been characterized according to typological
classification of antonyms, as well as lexical and structural-grammatical
characteristics of antonymic components have been described.
The practical significance of the work is related to the possibility of using
language material in lecture and practical courses covering the problems of
phraseology, lexicology, in particular in the teaching of such educational
disciplines as «Modern Polish language. Lexicology», «Phraseology of the Polish
language»; in the work of scientific seminars on the problems of phraseology;
during the preparation of special courses and seminars.
The actual material for the study included more than 700 units of Polish
paremies with antonymic components, which were collected by means of
continuous sampling from Polish lexicographic sources (the 4-volume dictionary
«Nowa księga przysłów i wyrażeń przysłowiowych polskich» edited by
Y. Krzyzhanowski, «Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego» edited by S. Dubis,
the dictionary «Księga przysłów, przypowieści i wyrażeń przysłowiowych
polskich» edited by S. Adalberg and the collection of proverbs «Przysłowia są na
wszystko» edited by D. Swierchynska).
In the first chapter «Theoretical foundations of the study of paronimic
units in linguistics» the definitions of the terms paremiology, paremia, proverb,
saying, antonymy and antonyms in dictionaries and scientific works are analyzed.
In the dissertation work, following L. I. Danylenko, we consider paremias as short,
well-known expressions of the sentence structure, which in an aphoristic
established form pass folk wisdom from generation to generation.
In the second chapter, «Semantic oppositions in the composition of Polish
paremics», oppositions in the composition of Polish paremic units are identified,
their semantics are investigated, and paremics are combined by thematic groups in
accordance with the identified oppositions. Two thematic classes are
distinguished – «Man» and «Social Sphere». The analysis of the factual material
proved that the thematic class «Human» is the most numerous, which includes six
thematic groups: «External and internal characteristics of a person»,
«Physiological features of a person», «Psycho-emotional states of a person», «Life
path of a person», «Peopleʼs observations and signs» and «Image of a woman». In
the structure of the thematic class «Social sphere», three thematic groups are
distinguished: «Social relations and social status», «Relations between family
members and other people», «Spirituality and the spiritual world of a person».
In both thematic classes («Man» and «Social Sphere») proverbs and sayings
with antonymic components that have a double thematic meaning are singled out.
In the third chapter «Lexical and structural-grammatical characteristics
of antonymic components of Polish paremic units» the varieties of antonymic
components in the composition of Polish proverbs and sayings according to the
typological classification of antonyms are characterized and the lexical and
structural-grammatical characteristics of semantically opposite components in the
structure of Polish paremic units are analyzed.
The results of the analysis of the actual material give grounds for asserting
that paremias are one of the valuable and significant achievements of any
language, an important part of culture, Polish in particular. This is confirmed by
the originality of semantic oppositions in the composition of Polish paremies,
lexical and structural-grammatical characteristics of these linguistic units.
The results of the dissertation have been tested at 17 international and all-
Ukrainian scientific conferences (including 2 foreign ones) and 2 seminars. Based
on the results of the conducted research, 10 scientific articles have been published,
including: 4 – in specialized periodicals of Ukraine, 2 – in foreign ones, one of
which has been published in a book of papers indexed in the scientometric
database Scopus (Q2), 2 – in other scientific journals; 2 – conference abstracts.
