The modern system of training high-class athletes specialising in rowing has undergone significant changes in recent years. The training system has reached the level of technology, which has led to a significant increase in competitive crews and, as a result, to a significant increase in physiological stress in the process of training and competition.
The main condition of modern training is the formation of the structure of functional support of special performance in accordance with the structure of competitive activity of rowing athletes and the maintenance of high-speed components of special performance during a long competitive season. This imposes appropriate requirements on the construction of the training process, especially in the period of direct preparation for major competitions.
A particular problem is the substantiation of methodological approaches that are united on the implementation of the structure of training loads management, namely "control - modelling - programming", the factors that form a specialised orientation and level of physiological stress of the organism in accordance with the target guidelines of competitive activity, the structure of functional support of special performance and individual capabilities of rowers.
The aim of the study is to improve the competitive activity of highly qualified women rowers in rowing by developing a programme of special training for major competitions.
In accordance with the aim of the study, the following tasks were set:
1. To study the modern literature related to the preparation of athletes at the final stage for major competitions. To systematise the leading components of sportsmen's special fitness which influence the efficiency of realisation of the potential of special endurance of high-class rowers.
2. To summarise individual experience of preparation of a crew member of the four (women).
3. To systematise training means directed on the increase of special endurance of rowers taking into account highly specialised displays of special endurance, to make a programme of special physical training taking into account target settings of the stage of preparation for the main competitions.
4. To experimentally test the programme of special preparation for the main competitions in natural conditions of the training process of rowers. To work out methodical recommendations.
Research methods: analysis of special literature and Internet sources, empirical research, monitoring of competitive activity, ergometry, physiological research methods, methods of mathematical statistics.
The scientific novelty of the dissertation research is that:
- For the first time, the individual successful experience of training a high-class crew in rowing for major competitions was summarised;
- for the first time a programme of training aids aimed at improving the performance of rowers (women's crews) at the stage of direct preparation for competitions based on the assessment of highly specialised components of special performance of rowers was developed:
- For the first time, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of physical activity, which are the basis of training sessions aimed at improving the performance of rowers, taking into account the peculiarities of functional support of performance during the starting acceleration, overcoming the middle stationary segment of the distance, the second half of the distance and the finishing acceleration, were worked out.
The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the programme of training sessions in academic rowing on the basis of prolonged modes of training loads aimed at implementing the structure of functional support of special performance of female rowers was developed, scientifically substantiated and experimentally tested.
In the dissertation research, the newest technologies for building the training process and forming training loads have been substantiated and implemented in the practice of preparing for major competitions of high-class athletes.
