The dissertation is devoted to the study of the topography features of hard tissues of permanent teeth of different groups in the cervical area and the investigation of their quality and mineral composition.
The results of scientific research and official medical statistics indicate that dental pathology manifests itself today in 60-80% of the population, reaching 95-99% in endemic regions. Lesions of teeth in the cervical area are among the most common dental pathologies and are characterized by a pronounced tendency to increase. Most often, cervical caries of teeth manifests itself, as well as non-carious lesions – wedge-shaped defects, erosions, etc. The reasons for their occurrence, as well as methods of prevention and treatment, attract the attention of various researchers. Numerous clinical and experimental studies are devoted to studying the general and local etiological factors of cervical tooth pathology. However, a large number of etiological factors cited in the literature are considered secondary by different authors, as none of them, or even their combination, is capable of destroying enamel, especially in the protected cervical area where it is practically impossible to directly traumatize it. Cervical lesions are inconspicuous at early stages, but without proper treatment, they become a serious aesthetic and dental problem over time and can lead to significant destruction or even loss of the tooth. It is evident that effective prevention of cervical pathology requires not only identifying risk factors for its development but also understanding their isolated or combined influence on the most vulnerable areas of certain groups of teeth. Therefore, research aimed at studying the causes and prerequisites for the development of cervical pathology, determining its frequency and localization features, becomes of paramount importance. Due to the significant prevalence of hard tissue lesions of teeth of carious and non-carious etiology, as well as the constant trend towards an increase in their number and rejuvenation of this group of pathological processes, the search for ways to early detection and prevention is particularly relevant. Today, various methods of early diagnosis of caries and non-carious lesions of teeth are known. One of the effective and widely used methods for detecting changes in the quality of mineralized tissues is to determine their mineral density during radiographic examination of patients. The use of this method opens up wide opportunities for individual prognosis of hard tissue lesions of teeth, as well as determining risk groups for the development of their pathology based on the detected changes in the density of the investigated tissues and trends in its dynamics. A necessary condition for this is a detailed study of normal mineral density indicators of intact teeth of different groups, taking into account their age, gender, ethnic, and other features.
During the work, an examination of 200 middle-aged individuals (100 men and 100 women) was conducted to study the frequency of manifestation of pathology localized in the cervical area of teeth of different groups – caries and non-carious lesions (wedge-shaped defects and erosions).
To study various variants of the structure of the cervical area of permanent teeth of different groups and to determine the frequency of their manifestation, 320 permanent teeth of the upper and lower jaws (10 teeth 11-18, 21-28, 31-38, and 41-48), extracted for clinical indications, and 40 of their longitudinal sections were examined. Macroscopic and scanning electron microscopic studies determined the ratio of hard tissues – enamel, cement, and dentin – in the neck area of teeth on their buccal, oral (palatal/lingual), medial, and distal contact surfaces.
The mineral composition of enamel, dentin, and cement was investigated by determining the content of four macroelements (calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na)), and three microelements (potassium (K), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn)) using atomic absorption and atomic emission spectroscopic analysis and spectrophotometry.
To determine the density of hard tissues in the cervical area, 280 radiographs of intact permanent teeth (n=10 for teeth 11-17, 21-27, 31-37, and 41-47) were processed using VixWin Pro software.
