Ph.D. thesis: 177p., 17 tables, 26 figures, 171 references.
Technologies for ensuring environmental safety of ash and slag dumps using remote monitoring. – Qualifying scientific work on manuscript rights.
Dissertation for obtaining the scientific degree of Doctor of Philosophy in specialty 183 - "Technologies of environmental protection" field of knowledge 18 - "Production and technologies". – Vinnytsia National Technical University, Vinnytsia, 2024.
The qualification work is devoted to the solution of an important scientific and applied task, which consists in assessing the environmental safety of ash and slag dumps, namely, the substantiation of strategic priorities and technologies for ensuring the environmental safety of ash and slag accumulators of energy-generating facilities.
Ash and slag pits are man-made objects designed for the storage of ash and slag - waste from the heat energy industry. The problem of the impact of ash and slag waste storage facilities of fuel and energy complex enterprises on the natural environment is quite acute today. Ash slag storage is accompanied by a number of extremely negative consequences for the environment and human health.
In particular, in dry weather, as a result of the influence of the wind, there is a strong dusting of the ash and slag dump, while dust particles of various fractions are carried over large areas and can reach populated areas, creating a significant risk for the health of the population. Also, part of CHPPs and TPPs are located in residential areas of large cities, which leads to deterioration of the ecological situation.
Taking into account the existing experience of using ash slag in the world, we can conclude that these wastes are relevant for use in various industries. Such successful examples of the use of ash slag in the countries of the world are, for example, Germany, in which ash slag is used mainly in unbound admixtures for embankment or construction of dams. Another example is the USA.
Utilization of ash and slag there makes up 80% of their formation. In Great Britain, coal combustion waste is used mostly as an admixture for road surface structures.
In neighboring Poland, the use of ash and slag is associated with the minimization of the transport arm between the supplier of raw materials (TPP) and consumers (road construction). Another successful country is France, where coal ash is widely used in a mixture with stones, sand, lime ashes, lime admixtures and other admixtures for road construction. In general, 92% of ash is used in EU countries.
In Ukraine, only 1.5-35% of waste from the energy industry is used. This is explained by a number of reasons, including the lack of effective management.
The use of ash slag as a secondary raw material requires careful study of its chemical composition and radionuclide content, which in turn depends on the class and origin of coal.
Thus, based on the results of fairly deep and systematic laboratory research, it was established, for example, that the ash and slag waste placed on the ash dump of the Darnytsk Thermal Power Plant contains the following impurities in small quantities: sulfates, sulfides, free oxides of calcium and magnesium, and other substances.
Also, ashes often contain carbon in the form of various modifications of coke residues. For ashes obtained from hard coal, coke modifications are 3–12%, and unburned particles in coarsely dispersed fractions of ash are more than in finely dispersed ones.
Of course, in significant concentrations, these substances can negatively affect not only the quality of the natural environment, but also, in turn, the state of physical health of the population, especially the respiratory system. Given the rather fine fraction of ash, it spreads over considerable distances, which causes atmospheric air pollution. This, in turn, affects the human respiratory system.
In addition, it should be noted that ash and slag accumulators occupy quite significant areas that could be used as infrastructure facilities for leisure, but instead they pose an increased danger to the population of cities living near such facilities.
It is proposed to apply a comprehensive approach to determining the parameters of environmental monitoring of ash and slag pits of energy-generating enterprises of Ukraine. Among such parameters are the following: quantitative and qualitative indicators of atmospheric air pollution around ash slag accumulators, qualitative composition of atmospheric air pollutants around ash slag accumulators.
In the conditions of the development of modern world technologies and the positive experience of using unmanned aerial vehicles in natural conditions, a remote method of environmental monitoring was implemented, thereby expanding its capabilities.
