Shevchenko T. Jesuit Schooling in the Ukrainian Lands During Last Quarter of 16th - the Middle of 17th Centuries.: The Principles of Functioning of Educational Institutions and Educational Staff.

Українська версія

Thesis for the degree of Candidate of Sciences (CSc)

State registration number

0403U002221

Applicant for

Specialization

  • 07.00.01 - Історія України

10-06-2003

Specialized Academic Board

Д 35.222.01

Ivan Krypiakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies

Essay

In dissertation the formation process of the concept of Jesuit school system connected with humanist curriculum was examined, the organization of educational process on the basis of curriculum entitled "Ratio studiorum" was analyzed, volume of school disciplines was determined, the textbooks were listed, and the technique of studies was characterized. The separate attention was given to educational work with the schoolboys, means of spiritual influence on them, and functions of school theatre. The characteristic of material maintenance of Jesuit houses was given. The activity of schools for extern students as one of the component of houses' activity in Jaroslav, Lviv, Luc'k, Kamjanec', Berestja, Ostrih, Krosno, Vinnycja, Bar, Perejaslav, Novhorod-Sivers'kyj, Ksaveriv, Fastiv, Kyjiv was investigated. Тhe principles of preparation of the teachers for Jesuit schools in the seminaries were characterized. A lists of Jesuit Rectors (Superiors), School Prefects and teachers were made. I analyzed the Jesuits'tenure in offices, their social and territorial origin, the rank in the Society, education, and academic degrees. An average age of teacher was thirty years, of School Prefect was forty three years, of Rectors (Superiors) was forty six years. An average tenure of school offices of Rectors (Superiors), School Prefects and lecturers demonstrate strikingly the fluctuation of school staff. Rectors have worked 3 year average, Prefects have worked 2,2 years average, lecturers have worked 1,7 years average. Number of nobility in Jesuit school staff have accounted for from 23,5% to 63%. Those Jesuits, who came from the lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, prevail among the school staff. Only 2,3% of persons came from abroad of the Commonwealth. Among all school staff the Jesuits, who came from Ukrainian lands accounted for 29,46%. Professes of four vows accounted for minimum 22,3% and maximum 28% among the school staff. Among teachers professes of four vows accounted for 8,8% because the most part of teacherswere Masters (they formed 70% of lecturers), who were studying in the Society. The most part of the Jesuits (75,6%) have obtained education as secular persons. 97,8% of the school staff had already higher education at the Society of Jesus. In spite of this, one fifth part of the school staff had studied philosophy and theology as laics. Practically all those persons completed their study in the Society. 52,4% of school staff have studied a short courses of philosophy and theology in the schools of Order and world schools. 47,6% of school staff finished a complete courses of philosophy and theology. Only among these last Jesuits formed the professes of four vows. 2% of school staff had academic degrees.The importance of schools for Jesuits correlates with a number of professes of four vows, who were among school staff. During studing the Jesuit houses in the Ukrainian lands, I have found that the goal of Jesuit houses in the West and East Ukraine was different. For example, in the plans of the Societyof Jesusthe Kyjv school was regarded not only as educational institution, while the school in Jaroslav was used only for educational purposes.A list of Jesuit students was set down. They made up approximately 16% of minimal students' number and approximately 6% of maximal students' number. 29,2% of students' surnames in the list were future Jesuits. A list of Jesuit donators was made. Those persons were analyzed by social origin, confession, sex, family relations. In total, clerics made up 38% of founders and 15,6% of benefactors. Among clerics-benefactors Jesuits accounted for 25,6% and ex-Jesuits accounted for 2,6%. At least 2,6% of clerics were Uniats. Nine Jesuit houses were benefactors of Jaroslav house (1,2% of donators). Among donators there were representatives of Ruthenian (Ukrainian) nobility and local nobility of Polish origin. Nobles made up from 39,6% to 59,8% of donators. Women were founders or joint founders for a quarter of Jesuit houses. Among benefactors women accounted for 28,9%. Atleast 0,7% of total donators' number were Orthodox believers. The same percentage have got Uniats and converted from Orthodoxy. At least 0,3% of benefactors were Protestants, and 0,4% benefactors were converted from Protestantism. One benefactor was Judaic. 39% of persons had family relations with another donators. 4,8% of donators were founders or benefactors for two or three Jesuit houses. Diagrams of dependence of Jesuit number in the houses were made. Analysis of diagrams showed that the work of schools under the houses was not the most important constituent part of the Orders' activity in the Ukrainian lands. The missionary work and preaching were main kind of its activities.

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