Brashnik L. The processes of the German toponyms adapting in the Russian language of the XVIII century.

Objects are German and Russian onyms. The aim is the investigation of the adaptative processes in the German toponymic vocabulary in the Russian language of the XVIII century. Methods are contexts analysis, comparative and analysis, synchronal study, descriptive. Investigation of adaptating processes of the German toponyms in the Russian language gave the possibility to make the following conclusions: phonetic adaptation of the foreign onyms in the recipient language was in the considerable amout of their phonetic variants, though the ultimate end of this process was coming closer of a geographical name to its spelling and pronouncing in the source-language. Dimorphism of the German toponyms in the Russian language depended on some factors: on oral and written sources of their borrowing; on the influence of the phonetic system of the recipient language system and dialect peculiarities of the German language. The German toponyms were being adapted on the phonetic lingual level according to 3 models: 1)graphic; 2) phonetic; 3) phonografic. The process of morphological adaptation of the German toponyms was accompanied with the considerable amout of variants. The determined factor was the character of phonetic endings of the German onyms while grammatical forming. The rules of the Russian language toponymic system had a definite influence, which acted in adaptation of the German geographical names to the recipient language grammar standarts. Peculiarity of the structural adaptation of the German toponyms in the Russian language of the XVIII centuries in search for maintaining of the foreign onyms' distinctness. Typological toponimicons had a great influence on onyms in the recipient language. In the research there was the hypothesis of the adaptation of the German toponyms as a complex process, where all language levels are inter locking. Sphere of use is the training courses.