Nataliya H. The changes of social, political, cultural and artistic life in the USSR during 1920th–1930th.

The Ukrainian cultural process of 1920th – early 1930th developed under difficult circumstances. On the one hand, it was a period when Ukrainian culture, which had been developing by its own laws, received some state support (policy of Ukrainizations), thus 1920th became known as Ukrainian Renaissance; from the other hand, it was a period when the process of unification of all sphere of social, political and cultural life was launched. Such course of events was caused by new economic policy (NEP) that led to some liberalization of social relations, created opportunity for development of national culture.Among the urban cultural factors that had negative impact on the whole cultural process and caused the decline of rural culture, we could mark the tendency to over-ideologizing of culture, struggle with individualism, emasculating of sacred sense of culture as well as the replacement of true spiritual values by Communist doctrine. Despite the policy of de-Russification, the urban area of Soviet Ukraine didn’t acquire national character. Though urban culture weakened its impact on the rural one, its assimilative influence was quite tangible. Both the state authority and the national intelligentsia had their own view on the policy of Ukrainization that caused the tenseness of the situation. While the representatives of Ukrainian intelligentsia regarded it as the means of overcoming provinciality of Ukrainian culture, the Soviet authority regarded the course of korenization only as the instrument for strengthening position of the ruling party. «Ukrainian renaissance» was doomed because of unification policy of Bolshevik regime as well as due to resistance of Russified party and state bodies. In the atmosphere of permanent search of «class enemy», it was easy to label activists of Ukrainization as «foreign element» or «bourgeois nationalist». Thus, they became the victims of repressions and were physically destroyed.During 1932–37 the changes that had happened in the development of cultural and artistic sphere, were directed to unification and centralization of cultural life. The diversity of creative methods allowed in 1920th were replaced by bureaucratic and the only true method of «socialist realism». During 1937–38 the next changes that took place in the regulation of artistic life had to confirm the dominant role of Russian culture and language in the development of literature and art of non-Russian peoples.