Inozemtsev V. Encouragement and punishment of children in the pedagogical heritage of N. I. Pirogov

In the dissertation investigation on retrospective analysis of works of Pirogov, his memoirs and epistolary works, archival sources, the theoretic and methodological basis and specifics of humanistic-oriented encouragement and punishment are grounded, means of activation in terms of tasks of "National Strategy of Education in Ukraine for the period of 2012-2021 years" are investigated. The key factors of formation the humanistic teaching position of Pirogov, leading positive and negative trends of the investigated period, the external and internal conditions of the problem of encouragement and punishment in the heritage Pirogov are found out. Promotion of educational activities of students is examined as a denial of the authoritarian and development of humanistic pedagogics. The dynamics, stages of the installation process and problems of encouragement and punishment, its specifics is revealed. Professional and personal qualities of the teacher are grounded as the main means of implementation of encouragement and punishment. Individual approach to pupils in the use of encouragement and punishment is defined by Pirogov as "the Basis of Common Pedagogics". The main factors of development of encouragement of pupils in conditions of innovation development of education in Ukraine are revealed.