Kravchenko R. Penitential institutions of the Slobidska Ukraine County (Kharkiv region) in the end of the 18th - the beginning of the 20th century

The dissertation analyzes history of penitential institutions of Kharkiv region in the end of the 18th - the beginning of the 20th century. The most of attention is focused on studying factual circumstances of creation and activity of poisonous institutions of the county; the analysis of national penitential initiatives implementation at the regional level; identification of the role of civil society in the process of management and structural changes of penitential institutions system of the region. The peculiarities of punishment execution for different categories of prisoners have been studied. Also there have been shown circumstances of central convict prisons activity, specialized penal and correctional institutions for underage criminals and conditions of care provided after imprisonment to former prisoners. The particular feature of penitential institutions was their penitential, penal and correctional character that was shown in main directions and forms of influence at convicted persons. Process of punishment was clearly subjected to custodial control and system of punishment and constraint. On the other hand, active use of correction methods was observed, such as: division of the prisoners by categories, training on special vocations and involving in working activities, education elements, retaining relations between prisoners and society. Expressions of close liaise between society and system of penitential institutions can be found in numerous cases of charity for prisoners. We will note a wide range of charitable activities: from gathering alms and individual cases of taking part in managing prisons activity to organizing system of social institutional bodies that functioned in penitential area. Creating the chain of county detention houses, society activity during the opening of Kharkiv correctional orphanage - The House of Industriousness, Associations of care for former prisoners were especially emblematic. We will also point out the important part of the Orthodox Church and religious associations of other confessions in activity of county penitential institutions.