Vitrynska O. Policy of the Government towards Judaism in Ukraine in 1921 - 1929

The object of research: process of formation and realization of the Soviet policy in relation to Judaism in Ukraine in the 1920th years. Research objective: the complex historical analysis of policy of the Soviet power in relation to Judaism in the context of social and political realities of the 1920th years. Methods: problem and chronological, comparative-historical, psychoanalytic, statistical and analytical, civilization approach. Scientific novelty: process of realization of policy of the power towards Judaism in the Soviet Ukraine in the 1920th years is in a complex investigated (the analysis of publications of the Soviet, foreign and domestic authors shows that the perspective was studied by them only fragmentary or in the context of the general consideration of position of Jews in the USSR and wasn't a subject of special studios); it is established that laws which governed the relations of state and political bodies and Judaism in Ukraine were bolsheviks, antireligious, had no special anti-Judaic direction (at the same time, creation in structure of appropriate authorities of the Jewish sections, one of the main tasks of which was a fight against Judaism, gave it special dynamics and specifics); the main directions of economic pressure of the state upon Judaic communities are analysed: secularization of property, withdrawal of cult objects, rooms of synagogues, chapels, heder, Yeshibahs (it is shown that it became one of important factors of destruction of the Jewish identity); the anti-Judaic orientation of actions for restriction of the use of Hebrew is proved, process of elimination of spiritual education and attempt of the organization of split among the believing Jews is analysed; forms and methods of anti-Judaic propaganda and promotion, their loudspeaker and feature of application are defined; it is established that the content of anti-Judaic propaganda materials and actions was directed to extermination of the authority of the Jewish clergy and religious institutions, eradication of Judaic traditions and ceremonies, distribution of atheistic views among Jews of Ukraine. Practical value: collected material, separate plots and conclusions can be used by 1) scientists for further studying of questions of history of Judaism and the provision of the Jewish communities in the 1920th years in USSR; teachers of schools and higher educational institutions during preparation of lectures and special courses on the contemporary history of Ukraine, history of ethnic minorities and religious studies; 2) the state and public organizations when forming the directions of policy in national and spiritual spheres for harmonization state and religious and the of the relations between faiths and distribution of tolerance. Basic provisions of a research can be a subject of discussion in mass media for the purpose of distribution of toleration and realization of freedom of worship.