Shtyk O. Scientifically-pedagogical and reformative activity of Peter Petersen (1884-1952)

The thesis presented theoretical generalization and new approach to an important and urgent task, which is manifested in determining and disclosing the content and direction of scientifically-pedagogical and reformative activity of Peter Petersen (1884-1952). Based on comprehensive thorough studying of a significant amount of sources, various documents, materials, the epistolary heritage of P. Petersen, critical analysis of the historiography of the problem defined the topic and source level of the support; found that the scientifically-pedagogical and reformative activity of Peter Petersen presently remains less explored. It was found out and analyzed the main factors that contributed to the formation of view of the world of P. Petersen and his pedagogical looks; shows the main principles, forms and methods of educational process at school of P. Petersen. The main task of reform pedagogy was the education of a new type of personality that was active thinking and highly intelligent, the emphasis was placed on the development of pupil's autonomy and initiative. As a result of research, the features of educational process in "Jena-plan" school of P. Petersen are certain: educational program development on the basis of the personality-oriented studies; introduction of the subject "Orientation in the world"; studies of students in the "stamm-groups"; organization of educational process due to "The rhythmic plan of the work for a week"; the work in primary school is during the whole day; pupils with special needs are separately grouped; a school-garden is educational for children 3-6; parents take part in the work of school. For the developing and formation of developed personality P. Petersen recommended special learning, which takes into account the individual capabilities of each individual child. The main forms of such learning that P. Petersen applied in the educational process in the experimental "Jena-plan" school were following: "conversation", "game", "free work" and "celebration", each of which is particularly important for child development. These forms of employment were included in the course of "The rhythmic plan for the work for a week". It was found out that the "Jena-plan" school operates according to the 20 principles such as: five principles of human ideal image; the five principles of the requirements of society, from stay at home and school to the total existence in society; the ten principles of education and training. It was established that pedagogical concept of P. Petersen "Jena-plan" as a project of reform had distinct social and educational nature, was also a serious alternative to the old school, which changed the focus of the educational process and the organization of school affairs. "Jena Plan" is a concept of free and public school and should be considered as "original form", which is the main difference from other pedagogical concepts. The educational ideas and reforms of P. Petersen in the context of modernization of modern education in Germany were investigated. It was found out that the growing interest of scientists in P. Petersen pedagogy contributed to the dissemination of "Jena-plan" schools in modern Germany. Modern "Jena-plan" schools provide students a comfortable learning environment and an atmosphere that stimulates and motivates pupils to learn, activates processes of creativity and getting knowledge. The concept of P. Petersen "Jena-plan" school is "a school community" (so-called "school of family type"), where the cooperation of parents and teachers strengthens family relationships which cause the child to lose touch with his family. It was showed the possibilities of introducing ideas of P. Petersen in the organization of educational process in Ukrainian secondary schools. Practical recommendations concerning of introduction pedagogical ideas of education of P. Petersen concepts "Jena-plan" school into modern school in Ukraine were developed on the international, national, regional and local levels. Little-known scientifically documents have been introduced, allowing us to deepen the study of pedagogical ideas of P. Petersen and characterize the contribution of P. Petersen in development of pedagogical opinion of Germany.