The theoretical analysis of philosophical, sociological, medical, psychological, and pedagogical literature on the research problem made it possible to specify the definition of the notion "prevention of bad habits in students of the 5th-6th grades of orphan schools" as a system of actions which influence students' consciousness, feelings and will in order to develop resistance to smoking, alcohol, drugs, toxic substances which cause addiction and to create abilities to resist other people's impact; to be able to make a reasonable choice and to be responsible for the consequences. The paper identifies the peculiarities of the prevention of bad habits in students of the 5th-6th grades of orphan schools in after class activities. They are as follows: social orphan hood, psychological traits of teenagers (group influence, egocentrism, emotional features, need for social recognition and the fact of growing up, distance from parents, learning about social roles, new social skills); the peculiarities of students in orphan schools (the lack of parental positive experience of and the acquisition of negative parental experience, group dependence, the presence of deprivation syndrome, the deprivation type of experiencing the age crisis, the disposition toward nervous breakdowns, increased vulnerability, aggressiveness, distrust of others, decreased empathy; difficulties in communicating with surrounding people, increased dependence of behavior on the situation, social and pedagogical maladaptation, situational living, passive attitude towards life, orientation to adaptation, bad habits); peculiarities of the organization of life activities for students of orphan schools (reorganization of the activities for students, hypercare, decrease of intimacy and trust in education, children staying in closed corporate groups, forced adaptation to a large number of peers, frequent changes of carers and orphan school staff, planning and approval of children's behavior by adults; focusing educational influence on a group but not on a person; the dominance of authoritarian pedagogy). These factors make the conduct of preventive actions difficult but at the same time necessary. The criteria such as cognitive, affective and axiological, behavioral and active, indicators and levels (high, middle and low) formedness of the resistance of the 5th - 6th students of orphan schools to taking psychoactive substance. The pilot testing justified and verified pedagogical conditions for prevention actions against bad habits of the 5th-6th grades students in after class activities as follows: the enhancement of the readiness of teachers of comprehensive orphan schools to prevent bad habits in the 5th-6th grades students; content and methodological support of the prevention process against bad habits in the 5th-6th students of orphan schools in after class activities; involvement of the 5th-6th grades students into healthy lifestyle activity which focuses on the prevention of bad habits. This experimental research enables us to conclude that theoretically proved and experimentally checked pedagogical conditions made the prevention of bad habits of the 5th - 6th grades students of orphan schools in after class activities more effective.
