Lasinska T. Reproducing Historically Marked English Vocabulary in Ukrainian (based on translations of fiction writings of the XVIII – XX cent.).

The research deals with various aspects of translating archaic vocabulary represented by its various layers and embracing different contextual fields, grammatical categories and thematic groups. The vocabulary comprises archaisms, historic words, and obsolete words. Different types of temporally marked vocabulary are the markers of time having the chronological semantics in texts. Temporally marked lexemes are the source of making diachronic contrast often used in a number of stylistic devices. They are also carriers of significant historical information. Therefore, their specifics and distinction to form modern language is the main value that is supposed to be kept and conveyed in translations. The main function of translating texts containing such vocabulary is their renovation and modernization while keeping their uniqueness, for they are transmitted as a heritage to future generations and enrich languages of other cultures. The problem of solving contrary tasks of how to keep the originality of the translated text with obsolete words and at the same time to make it clear and readable for audience is under investigation in this research. The material for this research is historically marked vocabulary of the English language of the early modern period, which is defined by linguists as the period since 18th – till the mid-20th century. We investigated the specifics of reproducing the historical marker of English historical and archaic words in Ukrainian translations. This research resulted in identifying and substantiating various methods and techniques of translating English archaic vocabulary into Ukrainian for conveying its functions, semantic features, and word-building possibilities for purposes of translation. Studied were some possibilities for translating archaic words depending on their grammatical, stylistic and expressive functions. The research also dealt with some special aspects of translating historical words related to their dividing into different thematic groups and taking into consideration the accuracy of reproducing historical information. In this research, we strived to study the effectiveness of translating historically marked words and phrases using various techniques, such as archaization, modernization, elimination, leveling and to define how effective they are in terms of conveying their functions. Also, we studied and described the specificity of translating archaic and historic words depending on their function in the text. The efficiency of some methods of translating was determined as applied for transmitting old vocabulary and corresponding special translation algorithms were designed with this aim. The research illuminates different techniques with the help of which the principle of priority for archaization is observed in translations. It also explores ways how translators modernize obsolete words in the target text. Substantiated also were the choices of translation methods and techniques depending on the function of archaisms and historicisms in the source text, chronological and cultural information, means of translation available in the target language, the linguistic culture and professional skills of the translator and his/her subjective choice.