According to the scientific literature, the spine pathology today occupies one of the leading places in the general structure of morbidity with temporary disability, and is also an important link in the pathogenesis of a range of diseases. Due to high lability, the cervical spine is the most vulnerable to the influence of external factors and has a pronounced capacity for rapid adjustment, especially in childhood, adolescence and adolescence.
The aim of the study was to find out the patterns and variants of the structure of the cervical spine and to study the gender characteristics of the structure of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs in healthy persons of adolescence.
According to the results of the research, for the first time, gender features of the structure of the cervical spine in young people, the native inhabitants of the Carpathian region have been thoroughly studied and analyzed and the variants and frequency of their occurrence for persons of different sexes have been determined.
On the basis of comparison and analysis of anthropometric data and X-ray images of the cervical spine of healthy young men and girls, the proportion of persons with physiologically formed spine (43% of the total number of examined persons, including 46% in boys and 39% in girls), and the frequency of detection pathology of the cervical spine and defined risk groups for the development of vertebrologic pathology.
According to the roentgenographic examination, healthy young people have established that the level of maximum depth of the cervical lordosis is variable and may be on the CII-CV vertebra; the average level of the cervical lordosis (CIII and CIII-CIV) predominates among boys, the girls are high and middle (CII, CIII-CIV and CIV) and in young men and girls the lower level of cervical lordosis (CW) is the least common. A high level of cervical lordosis usually has a small depth (signs of a hyporiodose), and a low one - much larger (signs of hyperlordosis).
Through analysis of three-dimensional computer tomograms, variants of the form of bodies of the cervical vertebrae and intervertebral discs were studied and their classification was performed, as well as morphometric study: linear dimensions of the examined structures in linear and lateral projections were determined.
It was established that in the lateral projection of the body of the III-CVI can have a rectangular or trapezoidal form with the smallest height in the middle; the body CII is a trapezoidal form with the smallest height along the posterior margin; in direct projection, both in boys and girls, the body of SII-SVIII most often have a barrel-like shape with the smallest width at the lower edge, or a rectangular shape, the arc of atlanta - the shape of an inverted trapezoid with the smallest width at the lower edge. Intervertebral discs are most often in the form of a convex lens or flat (both in the side, and in direct projection).
The bone tissue quality of the vertebral bodies and cartilage tissue of the intervertebral discs was first determined, and a comparison was made between the linear dimensions and the density of the structures of the cervical spine.
Comparison of the density of different sites of cervical vertebrae bodies showed that the density of bone tissue, determined on the upper and lower extremities of the vertebral bodies, is higher than in the middle of 11-76% in males and 15-63% in girls. In boys, the greatest difference in the density indices in different areas is the bone tissue of the anterior arc of Atlanta - its density at the upper edge is 169.57%, and the lowest - 176.46% compared with the average area, in girls the greatest difference is the body of the studied indices СII, the density of bone tissue which makes 163,96%, on the upper and 145,08% on the lower edge of the index of the middle of the body. Both boys and girls have the highest density of the first intervertebral disc (170.3 ± 27.3 HU and 182.3 ± 19.8 HU respectively), the lowest is the fifth intervertebral disc (101.1 ± 11.6 HU and 110.4 ± 12.1 HU respectively).
Also, comparison of specific particles of height of bodies of vertebras and intervertebral discs in the total height of the cervical spine in juveniles and girls was performed. It was established that the total proportions of the height of bodies of vertebras and intervertebral discs in juveniles and girls differ in minimum, and make up for bone structures 81.06 + 1.93% for boys and 80.96 + 1.78% for girls of the surveyed group, for cartilage structures - 18.94 + 0.52% and 19.04 + 0.51% respectively
A computer program was developed to determine the correspondence of the specific particle size of the structures of the cervical spine of persons of adolescence to age-norm indicators and to detect abnormalities.
