Object – congenital obstruction of the small intestine in fetuses and newborns; goal – to optimize the surgical treatment of congenital small bowel obstruction in newborns by developing tactics for the provision of prenatal consultative and postnatal surgical care in a perinatal center, based on the study of risk factors, anatomical and histological features of small bowel defects and their impact on the use of appropriate surgical correction methods; methods – clinical, radiological, ultrasound, endoscopic, morphological, statistical; results – for the first time, the effectiveness of prenatal ultrasound diagnostics in differentiating the levels of obstruction of the small intestine in the fetus was proved, namely the absence of an increase in the maximum longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the stomach with atresia of the ileum of type II-IV compared with atresia of the duodenum of type I-III; scientific data have been supplemented that in children with congenital obstruction of the ileum, in contrast to atresia of the duodenum and hunger, when probing the stomach, immediately after birth, a significantly smaller amount of stasis is observed and stomach expansion is significantly less common on survey radiographs, which has important for determining the level of small bowel obstruction; scientific data were clarified that transduodenal administration of enteric probes into the initial sections of the bowel, the line of the created anastomosis, after plastic surgery of the duodenum, significantly leads to an increase in the duration of gastrostasis, prolongation of the period before feeding the child through the stomach and complete enteral nutrition; scientific knowledge was added that the use of the enterostomy method for congenital atresia of the hunger and ileum leads to a significant increase in the incidence of sepsis, the duration of parenteral nutrition, the time to complete enteral nutrition and the duration of hospitalization, compared with the primary anastomosis of the small intestine; for the first time, a method was developed for the pathophysiologically substantiated determination of the level of resection of the small intestine for application of the small intestine anastomosis with low obstruction of the small intestine; scientific knowledge has been expanded that the most common pathological changes in the atresized sections of the small intestine are myodysplasia and dysganglionic disorders, accompanied by inflammatory changes, hyperemia and edema of the intestinal wall and extend beyond its resection, in the proximal direction; branch – medicine.
