Vlasiuk T. Morphological and functional characteristics of myocardium in experimental diabetes mellitus and its correction

In the early stages of the development of streptozotocin diabetes (14-28 days) there was a decrease in the area of cardiomyocytes of different parts of the rat myocardium by 17,2 – 22,7 % (p <0.05), the bulk density of diffusing secretory granules in secretory atrial cardiomyocytes increased by almost 40 %. In the long term course of streptozotocin diabetes (after 56 days) on the background of diabetic microangiopathy we noted the atrophic and destructive changes of cardiomyocytes, which was confirmed by their ultrastructural changes and reduction of their area by 7,9 – 13,6 % compared with control group of animals (in each case p<0,05). Secretory atrial cardiomyocytes showed a decrease in the bulk density of young and mature secretory granules, indicating a decrease in their functional activity. For the first time we discovered the most optimal way to correct the morphological damage of the studied structures of the myocardium in experimental diabetes mellitus. The complex therapy of experimental diabetes mellitus with insulin glargine and exenatide leads to the restoration of morphometric indices of cardiomyocytes, secretory atrial cardiomyocytes and vessels of heamomicrocirculatory flow due to the normalization of glucose levels and glycated heamoglobin levels in blood. Such treatment is the best contributor to the normalization of secretory activity of the secretory atrial cardiomyocytes, which obviously causes a decrease in the level of atrial natriuretic peptide in blood. Key words: cardiomyocyte, secretory atrial cardiomyocyte, haemomicrocirculatory flow, streptozotocin diabetes mellitus. Branch-Medicine.