The thesis presents the results of the analysis of genetic diversity of local duck breeds and breed groups of Chinese and Ukrainian selection performed with microsatellite DNA loci evaluation. The selection of loci for ducks of Shanma and Shaoxing breads (19 loci), Ukrainian clay and Ukrainian black white-breasted breeding group (21 loci) was performed. The most polymorphic loci in the analyzed duck populations were determined (APL11, APL12, APL26, APL80, APL79, APL78, CMO11, SMO11).
Using microsatellite analysis the features of the genetic structure of local duck breeds of Chinese (Shaoxing and Shanma) and Ukrainian breed groups (Ukrainian clay and Ukrainian black white-breasted) were characterized and scientifically justified.
We have demonstrated that the most polymorphic among analyzed duck populations was Shaoxing 2 (143 alleles), less polymorphic were Shaoxing 1 (115 alleles), Shaoxing 3 (111 alleles), Shanma (105 alleles), Ukrainian black white-breasted (100 alleles) and Ukrainian clay (89 alleles).
The main indicators of genetic polymorphism were analyzed and a decrease in the number of alleles per locus was found in the population of Ukrainian duck breed groups (Ukrainian clay Na=4,429±0,563), compared with ducks of local Chinese breeds (Shaoxing 2 Na=7,632±1,1347).
The prevalence of homozygous genotypes in populations of local Chinese duck breeds was demonstrated for Shanma (Fis=0,100±0,052), Shaoxing 1 (Fis=0,037±0,020), Shaoxing 2 (Fis=0,112±0,037) and Shaoxing 3 (Fis=0,140±0,050) according to polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci analysis.
Phylogenetic analysis was performed and genetic differences between ducks of local Chinese and Ukrainian breeds were determined. Also, duck breeds Shanma and Shaoxing have a common parent form and make a separate from the Ukrainian breed groups cluster. Such cluster distribution can be explained by the hypothesis that genetic differentiation of the investigated duck populations in view of the set of microsatellite loci is due to the orientation of their productivity (Shanma and Shaoxing – egg orientation of productivity, the Ukrainian clay and Ukrainian black white-breasted duck breed groups – meat orientation).
The assessment of breeding qualities of Shaoxing ducks was carried out taking into account their genetic structure. According to the analysis of the frequency distribution of alleles behind the APL80 locus, it was found that with an increase in the number of individuals in the group who had the APL80101 allele, the value of the average egg mass increased (p˂ 0,01).
