Krempa N. Sanitary and hygienic substantiation of the use of immunostimulants for different methods of pigs keeping

Українська версія

Thesis for the degree of Candidate of Sciences (CSc)

State registration number

0421U100714

Applicant for

Specialization

  • 16.00.06 - Гігієна тварин та ветеринарна санітарія

24-03-2021

Specialized Academic Board

К 64.070.01

Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy

Essay

The dissertation deals with the results of research on the influence of hygienic, feeding and technological factors on productive and reproductive properties of sows organism, health and viability of offspring got from them and the search for new methods and methods of correction of veterinary technologies of pork production with elimination of negative influence of the factors influencing an organism of animals. The adopted technology of pig breeding, regarding their keeping and operation in FE PE «Glynjany Agro» provides physiological and welfare needs of animals: free movement, providing the instinct of natural search for food, digging, overturning litter, nesting. In the same farm single-phase cultivation of piglets is used. Ltd «Meat Resources» practices keeping sows in a fixed condition with restricted movement and in accordance with the violation of the physiological and welfare needs of animals. Three-phase growing of piglets is used, which was reflected in reduced productivity of sows and low natural resistance of offspring. It is set up that the violation of the parameters of microclimatic indicators of the transition period in FE PE «Glynjany Agro», in particular, the air temperature was understated – 10,28 ºС, at a relative humidity of 93,6 % and an ammonia concentration that exceeded the maximum allowable concentration by 3,33 mg/m3. In turn, in Ltd. «Meat Resources» indicators of microclimate indices also did not always meet the sanitary and hygienic requirements, so the air temperature in the transition period was only 3,16 ºC higher, with low relative humidity (57,52%). The concentration of ammonia was 2,67 mg/m3 lower than the MPC. It is proved that the feeding of uterine livestock does not correspond to their physiological needs. The rations for blank, pregnant and lactating sows were usually unbalanced and did not meet the physiological state and needs of the animals. Thus, the level of software of metabolic energy to sows of both farms and all physiological groups, with the exception of pregnant sows FE PE «Glynjany Agro», which exceeded the norm by 11,0 % was 82−95 % from need. In Ltd Meat Resources», the supply of feed units was the lowest in lactating sows – 76,14 %, and in blank and pregnant sows FE PE «Glynjany Agro» their excess was noted by 4,7 and 31,6 %, respectively. Digestive protein of sows of both farms and all physiological groups were provided only by 65–87 %. Concerning mineral supply, the best situation was with methionine-cysteine, which was provided to all animals by 72–99 %. Regarding the number of erythrocytes in the blood of sows, it was found that in all physiological periods except for sows of the second half of gestation Ltd «Meat Resources», the content of which was 1,66 T/l below the lower limit of the physiological norm, was within acceptable limits. During the gestation period in the blood of sows of both farms, a decrease in hemoglobin concentration to the level of 41,02−58,84 g/l was found. The content of total protein in the blood of sows of both farms of all physiological groups, except for blank and lactating sows of Ltd «Meat Resources», was less than the lower limit of the physiological norm. Dysproteinemia was noted in all groups of animals, which was appeared by a decrease in albumin content to the level of 11,45–18,29 g/l. The dynamics of immune indicators of blood indicates that in animals from both farms they were mostly within the physiological norm. However, in blank and sows of the first half of gestation of both farms, the content of T-lymphocytes exceeded the upper limit of the physiological norm by 2,75−3,0 %. It was experimentally found out that the use of Globigen®Pig Doser and Globigen®Jump Start promoted an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration in all age groups, with both single-phase and three-phase cultivation technology, also had a positive influence on protein fractions, which was appeared by a decrease in dysproteinemia. In single-phase growing of pigs, the use of Globigen®Pig Doser had a significant positive influence on the immunological indices of animals, in particular, the content of T-lymphocytes increased to the level of 49,58−56,17 %, T-helpers to 30,16−35,15 % and T-suppressors to 19,41−21,0 %. In this-phase growing of piglets, a more pronounced positive influence on immunological indices was when using the preparation Globigen®Jump Start. It is marked an increase in the content of T-lymphocytes to the level of 55,58−57,01 %, T-helpers and T-suppressors to 34,58−35,00 % and 21,0−22,01 %, respectively. The results of economic calculations clearly indicate that the use of these preparations in single-phase cultivation increased the safety of piglets at 30 days of age to 81,3−93,7 %, and at three-phase to 80,0−86,7 %, accordingly, it allowed to increase the volume of the received production by 145,5 and 240,6 kg in FE PE «Glynjany Agro» and 49,2 and 113,4 kg in Ltd «Meat Resources»

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