Ostrovskyi D. Sanitary and hygienic assessment of the effect on the bird body of wheat grain contaminated with toxigenic micromycetes

In the dissertation, a sanitary and hygienic assessment of wheat grain contaminated with micromycetes in different regions of Ukraine was made and their toxigenic potential was established. Among them, potential producers of mycotoxins, in particular deoxynivalenol, were identified. The temperature-humidity regime, types of substrate and duration of toxinogenesis of fungi of the genus Fusarium were determined. Quantitative and qualitative composition of epiphytic and endophytic mycobiota of wheat grain grown in different regions of Ukraine: Steppe, Forest Steppe, and Polissia was studied. Among the selected micromycete isolates, producers of fusariotoxins – deoxynivalenol, as well as T-2, F-2 toxins, moniliformin, fumonisin B1 and aspergillotoxins – aflatoxins, penicillic, kojic and aspergillic acids were found. The most frequent contaminants of wheat grain were mucoral fungi and the fungus Alternaria alternata. Fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were found relatively less often, fungi of the genus Fusarium were rare. Mucoral fungi contaminated wheat grain in the Steppe region annually in 100 % of the samples and between 90 and 94.1 % in the Forest Steppe and Steppe. As a result of deoxynivalenolotosycosis, degenerative changes were detected in the liver, heart and kidneys of mice. The introduction of deoxynivalenol at a dose of 70 mg/kg of body weight to Adler silver cross chickens caused a decrease in body weight, a change in the activity of alkaline phosphatase isozymes and the exchange of certain macroelements in blood serum, which was accompanied by pathological changes in the kidneys, heart and liver. The immunosuppressive effect of deoxynivalenol on the causative agent of Newcastle disease in chickens has also been proven. The Mycosorb sorbent in the amount of 20 g/kg of feed prevented the weight loss of chickens during the 3 weeks of the experiment, and also reduced the severity of pathological changes in internal organs caused by deoxynivalenolotoxicosis.