Sherepitco V. Genetic bases of adaptive breeding of soybean

Object of research: Perfection and elaboration of new methods of genotypes identification for the morpho-physiological and molecular features on the sporophytic and gametophytic level. Puprose of research: The study of genetic bases of breeding of high-productive soybean cultivars with coadaptive gene association to cold-, drought-, heat-, pathogen-resistance and with plasticity as well as stability. Methods of research: Standard genetic, physiological, biochemical, molecular, breeding, statistic. Results, novelty: 1. For genotypes of domestic (Glycine max) as well as wild (Glycine soja) soybeans it has been established that phenotypical differences for any of valuable quantitative traits of plant such as weight of pod, weight of pods for a productive node, weight of seeds for a pod were caused by the effect of 4 or 5 independently inheritance main genes (oligogenes). 2. It has been established that the wild genotypes had high degree of the stability of grain productivity of plants which was connectedwith increasing of variability (plasticity) of its components. 3.Data of investigation testify about relatively independence of genotypic factors that control cold resistance on the stages of seeds germination, growth and development of seedlings and pods formation at this culture. 4. It has been elaborated the methodical approaches of selection thermo resistant genotypes on the base of trypsin inhibitors activity and peroxidase. 5. It has been established the opportunity of carrying out the microgametophytic selection at soybean for the resistance to extreme temperatures and pathogens. 6. It has been showed that identification of soybeans genotypic varieties on the base of polymorphic DNA markers (ISSR markers) opens new perspectives of goal-directed selection of original material for the adaptive breeding including among domestic (G. max) and wild (G. soja) soybeans. 7. The 8 new soybeans cultivars has been breeded in the process of these investigations from which 3 cultivars (Podolska 1, Podolijnka, Podolska 416) has been taken to the catalogue of Ukrainian cultivars. Sphere of usage: genetics, breeding, seed production.