Dutsyak I. Methods of creation of hypotheses: theoretical and practical aspects.

The formalistic approach to typology of cognitive tasks as a basis for a system approach to creation of methods of creation of hypotheses Is offered. Features of the hypotheses created during construction of the scientific theory have been analysed. Created scientific theories are divided into three classes depending on a measure of application during their creation of methods of deduction: 1) theories in which there is no deductive link between initial positions and consequences (as an example Platon's natural-science sights have been analysed his work "Timaeus"); 2) theories in which deduction during transition from initial positions to consequences (as an example the creation of the kinetic theory of gases has been analysed); theories where transition from initial positions to consequences is completely deductive (as an example the theory of gravitation of Newton has been analysed). Methods of creation of hypotheses which are formed for people spontaneously have been researched. For revealing suchmethods the material from history of cognitive activity, in particular thinking of people who are at a low step of social development has been parsed. Circuits of creation of hypotheses are presented in character sort. Formation of suppositions with usage of is evident-shaped thinking has been researched. Methods of speech thinking have also parsed. On the basis of the analysis of historical scientific material the circuit of creation of hypotheses by a method abduction in character sort is offered.