The investigation object: development of dental system in the prenatal human ontogenesis. The investigation goal: disclosure of morphogenetic substance and functional purpose provisory structures and associated topological transformations of deciduous teeth germs in human fetal development. Methods of research: scanning and trasmission electron microscopy, morphometric analysis, three-dimensional graphic reconstructions based on serial photomicrographs. Theoretical and practical value of the obtained results. The results can be extrapolated to the dentistry as a theoretical framework for understanding the causes of various developmental anomalies of teeth, sources of formation of follicular cysts and various odontogenic tumors. Obtained data allow us to consider the etiology of certain diseases of the teeth as a consequence autoimmune processes. Results of the study and illustrative material can significantly deepen and broaden the curriculum at the Department of Human Anatomy, Pathology, Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Pediatric Dentistry in studying the relevant sections. Scientific novelty of the obtained results: The study was made possible thanks to develop an innovative multi-purpose morphological method. First obtained hystotopographic pervasive images of upper and lower buds of deciduous teeth in their indissoluble unity with the surrounding embryonic structures, and regularities in the mutual arrangement of germs of deciduous teeth of the upper and lower jaws in the prenatal period of human development and is a direct correlation between the degree of their morphological maturity and terms of eruption. Suggested the possibility of selective transepithelial transport of liquid solutions of the amniotic fluid in the interstitial spaces of the embryonic connective tissue of alveolar process, which can be regarded as an external (alternate) source, which provides trophic of tooth germs. We first give the facts, according to which the germinative (cambial) zone for enameloblast, and hence the process of enamel formation is an intermediate layer of enamel organ cells which, while maintaining the ability to mitosis, carried out a continuous replenishment of the layer of specialized amelogenic cells. Particular attention is paid to preformative membrane between the internal epithelium of enamel organ and preodontoblasts of dental papilla, which is kind of shaping matrix, which, on the one side is the deposition of dentin, and on the second, opposite, enamels. However, it is intended to perform a barrier, dividing function between the enamel and dentin. From the standpoint of modern microangiology on the basis of multi-image reconstruction is proved that the formation of haemomicrocirculatory channels for the enamel organ and dental papilla is different distant sources. Therefore, from a functional perspective, each of them has the autonomy to the extent that it allows autonomy within the framework of reciprocal interactions between dissimilar on the origin components of tooth germs. The regulations under which the process of enamelogenesis of enameloblast layer with an organic matrix forming enamel throughout odontogenesis is located in a special "privileged" position because of the presence of two morphological barriers, one of which is in the form preformative basement membrane which isolates the organic matrix, of enamel from dentin, and the second - protects them from the direct influence of the internal environment of the fetus. This barrier is embodied in the structure of the enamel pulp and the external epithelium, which is located in a complex consolidation with exchange blood microvessels. The work was founded a new scientific field in dentistry, which may be called odontoimmunology that considers not only individually addressed in our study aspects of embryonic teeth, but also the role of the local immune system in the etiopathogenesis of some dental diseases. The degree of implementation: Presented in the thesis theoretical data embedded in the educational process and scientific research departments of normal anatomy, histology, cytology and embryology, child dental surgery with propaedeutics dental surgery and reconstructive surgery of the head and neck of"Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy (Poltava) , Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology of Kharkiv National Medical University, Department of Human Anatomy Lugansk State Medical University, Department of Pathology with Course Histology and Forensic Medicine Medical University of Sumy State University, Department of Anatomy, topographic anatomy and operative surgery Bukovyna State Medical University (Chernivtsi).
