The dissertation provides a theoretical justification and practical solution to the problem of intensification of the potato selection process using original, comprehensively processed source material with introgressed genes, in particular, from the wild Mexican species, which until recently was not used in practical selection.
On the basis of the analysis of methods of creation of initial selection material, its genealogy theoretical bases of optimization of use of interspecific hybrids, their backcrosses for improvement of display among posterity of productivity, its components, field resistance to viral diseases, numerous indicators of culinary qualities of tubers both separately and in a complex are developed. Selected sources, donors for use in the selection process. The dependences between the manifestation of the mentioned traits were revealed, which significantly differed from the similar ones in the cultivars, which allowed to develop a selection strategy using the studied material.
Based on the use of two methods: interspecific hybridization and radiation irradiation of hybrid seeds (100, 150 and 200 Gy) depending on the heredity of crossbreeding components, the positive effect of their combination on germination energy, laboratory germination of seeds, material losses at the stage of first year seedlings, productivity and its components in the first and second tuber generations. The specific reaction of the offspring from backcrossing of interspecific hybrids to radiation doses in different meteorological conditions was revealed.
It is proved that in the process of backcrossing the best berry formation, berry infestation, the value of limits was observed for the use of varieties by pollinators. An important role in saturating crosses is given to the specifics of the mutual influence of heredity of parental forms. Among 14 combinations involving the mother form of the Podolia variety, the difference in the average number of seeds in the berry was 11.5 times. As a result of involvement of components of crossing of sister hybrids in some cases it is possible to receive close data, and in others with a difference of 2,1 times. The same applied to germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds.
The lower potential in terms of productivity, its components of crossbreeding components - cultivars, compared with the backcross of interspecific hybrids. The broad genetic basis of the latter, the mutual influence of heredity of parental forms caused the difference between the lower limit of offspring limits in 37 times, and the upper - 13. In 13 combinations between 28, the average population productivity was higher than the best standard variety Tiras. Among the offspring of 18 populations, hybrids with a productivity of more than 1000 g / nest were isolated. Depression was the most common in terms of phenotypic dominance of productivity - 44.8% and less often - in terms of dominance - 37.39%.
The influence of three places and three years of testing of 26 interspecific hybrids, their backcross on the manifestation of productivity, its components is proved. Only in single cases there was a stability of expression of the indicator with the value of the coefficient of variation of 10% or less.
