Object of study – varieties, selections and clones of grape varieties, patterns of manifestation, inheritance and variability of agrobiological traits, productivity and quality. Aim - scientific substantiation of genetic, ecological and technological principles of grapevine regional assortments formation. Methods – field: a comparative test based on a study of the manifestation level of promising varieties productivity and adaptability main traits breeded at NSC "Tairov Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-Making” on vineyards in wine-growing regions with different growing conditions (Odessa, Transcarpathian, Zaporizhzhia regions of Ukraine); microvinification and determination of technological indicators features of new varieties with dark and light berries color for production of white, rosé and red wines; laboratory: ELISA method for detection and identification of grapevine virus diseases agents; PCR method to detect the causative agent of crown gall disease Agrobacterium vitis; in vitro culture methods (accelerated propagation of new genotypes on nutrient media, screening for traits of interest on provocative nutrient media, culture of immature embryos), mathematical and statistical analysis of variance, assessment of the difference probability using the F-criterion. Results –
according to the results of the research, five varieties of table ('Kardyshakh tairovsky', 'Perseus', 'Zagrava', 'Langeron' and 'Odyssey'), two varieties of wine ('Yarilo' and 'Odessa pearls') and three rootstocks were created. ('Riparia x Rupestris 4923', 'Kobera 5 BB 9191', 'Kobera 5 BB 211161') direction of use, resistant to environmental stressors (frost resistance, resistance to pathogens of fungal etiology) with increased productivity and quality of grapes and wine products. At the National Center for Genetic Resources of Ukraine traits collections of the plants gene pool in Ukraine has registered and ordered - on the basis of "resistance to frost and diseases" (certificate № 190) and on the basis of "seedlessness" (certificate № 294). For the vineyards of Odesa, Mykolaiv, Kherson, Transcarpatian and Zaporizhzhia regions regional assortments based on new table and wine grape varieties are recommended. The use of new varieties breeded at the NSC "Tairov Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-Making” was introduced into the production practice of Odessa region grape growers:‘Kardyshakh tairovsky’,‘ Perseus’,‘Zagrava’,‘Langeron’and ‘Odyssey’ as a conveyor of table grapes based on varieties of different time of ripening. A range of new wine varieties is recommended for winemaking (red - ‘Odessa pearl’, ‘Charivniy’, ‘Tairov ruby’, white - ‘Zagrey’, ‘Aromatic’, and others for the production of local table rosé and white wines. Novelty – For the first time on the basis of the genotypes composition analysis of the NSC "Tairov Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-Making”repository 3 traits collections consisting of 148, 130 and 35 samples on the base of resistance to frost and phytopathogens, quality and seedlessness, respectively were created and registered. In the breeding of the new generation varieties of NSC "Tairov Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-Making” for the first time in vitro culture methods and microsatellite DNA markers in screening for salt and drought resistance, control of the grapevine leafroll virus III (GLRaV III), breeding of seedless varieties, ordering of ampelographic collections and marker selection to increase speed and efficiency of selection programs were used. For the first time, regional assortments for Odesa, Transcarpathian and Zaporizhzhia regions were developed on the basis of resistance to biotic and abiotic factors and stability of productivity assesment of new varieties breeded at NSC "Tairov Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-Making” table and wine direction of use and regional evaluation of introduced clones selected in Italy, Austria, Germany, France. For the first time on the basis of varieties breeded at NSC "Tairov Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-Making”of different time of ripening the concept of a conveyor of table grapes was developed. For the first time, a technological evaluation of new wine grape varieties with dark and light berries color breeded at NSC "Tairov Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-Making” was done and areas of their use were determined. The scientific value – methodological and practical principles of new grape varieties creating have been further developed, such as the use of varieties - sources and donors of valuable traits of stability and quality, methods of accelerated screening in vitro culture and breeding using microsatellite DNA markers, sanitary control system susceptible to crown gall and phytoplasma grapevine diseases genotypes, the principles of economic evaluation of regional grapevine assortments creation and use. Sector – agriculture.
