The development of the national economy is the development of all markets, that is, markets for goods and services, labor, money, capital. It is achieved in the course of interaction and adaptation of all spheres, elements, factors of production. The national economy is a concept of a macroeconomic level, which means that macroeconomic factors of economic development should be considered first. An important condition for the development of the national economy and ensuring its competitiveness is a developed infrastructure. There are a significant number of different types of infrastructure, but the most common is the division of infrastructure into industrial and social. Considering the influence of the infrastructure factor on the development of the national economy, should be taken into account the whole variety of types of infrastructure.
The equilibrium economic and mathematical model of macroeconomic system of firms and householders using the householders’ utility which includes their idle time is determined and analyzed. It is established that the maximum base of the taxation and the greatest employment level are reached simultaneously, at the same optimum level of the basic wages. An equilibrium economic-mathematical model of the interaction of firms and households as a system is constructed, and the corresponding equilibrium values of labor remuneration, the volume of production and profits of firms, the volume of labor supply and household income are found. It was established that the equilibrium wage increases with increasing labor productivity, but slower, in proportion to the square root of labor productivity, which corresponds to the general economic pattern of outstripping growth in labor productivity in comparison with wages. On the other hand, the equilibrium wage increases with the increase in the price level, but it is also slower (in proportion to the square root of the price increase), thereby inflation leads to an increase in nominal household incomes and a reduction in real ones.
Existence of two points of equilibrium between gross domestic product and infrastructure potential is established, mechanism of transfer from initial point into best one is determined.
It is noted that transport infrastructure is a strategically important investment direction for the national economy. Investments in transport have been found to create multiplier effects that result in multiple gains in national income. The influence of transport multiplier on national income is determined.
The macroeconomic models of system optimization of investments into the transport infrastructure of national economy are developed, optimal values of investment into the transport infrastructure according to determined directions are analytically founded.
It has been found that the optimum amount of investments in the development of the sphere of production of material goods, while increasing the efficiency of investments in infrastructure, always increases, which confirms the stimulating effect of infrastructure growth on the development of the national economy.
